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1、CHAPTEREIGHTInstitutionsandEconomicGrowthinHistoricalPerspectiveSheilaghOgilvieandA.W.CarusFacultyofEconomics,UniversityofCambridge,UnitedKingdomAbstractThischaptersurveysthehistoricalevidenceontheroleofinstitutionsineconomicgrowthandpointsoutweaknessesinanumberofstylized
2、factswidelyacceptedinthegrowthliterature.Itshowsthatprivate-orderinstitutionshavenothistoricallysubstitutedforpublic-orderonesinenablingmarketstofunction;thatparliamentsrepresentingwealthholdershavenotinvariablybeenfavorableforgrowth;andthattheGloriousRevolutionof1688inEn
3、glanddidnotmarkthesuddenemergenceofeithersecurepropertyrightsoreconomicgrowth.Economichistoryhasbeenusedtosupportboththecentralityandtheirrelevanceofsecurepropertyrightstogrowth,butthereasonforthisisconceptualvagueness.Securepropertyrightsrequiremuchmorecarefulanalysis,di
4、stinguishingbetweenrightsofownership,use,andtransfer,andbetweengeneralizedandparticularizedvariants.Similarcarefulanal-ysiswould,weargue,clarifythegrowtheffectsofotherinstitutions,includingcontract-enforcementmechanisms,guilds,communities,serfdom,andthefamily.Greaterprecis
5、ionconcerninginstitutionaleffectsongrowthcanbeachievedbydevelopingsharpercriteriaofapplicationforconventionalinstitutionallabels,endowinginstitutionswithascaleofintensityordegree,andrecognizingthattheeffectsofeachinstitutiondependonitsrelationshipwithothercomponentsofthewid
6、erinstitutionalsystem.KeywordsInstitutions,Economicgrowth,Economichistory,Private-orderinstitutions,Public-orderinstitutions,Parliaments,Propertyrights,Contractenforcement,Guilds,Serfdom,Thefamily,Maghribitraders,ChampagnefairsJELClassificationCodesN01,N03,N04,N07,O17,P00,
7、N058.1.INTRODUCTIONTheliteratureoneconomicgrowth,oldandnew,restsonwide-rangingandoftenunexaminedhistoricalassumptions,whichthereforeraisemanyfundamentalquestions.Whereandwhendideconomiesdevelopthethresholdlevelsofpropertyrightsandmarketfunctioningwhichneoclassicalgrowthmo
8、delsimplicitlyassumetobemet(Aron,2000)?Whataretheinstitutionaloriginsoftheasymmetriesbetweensect
