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1、StrategicManagementJournalStrat.Mgmt.J.,38:93–113(2017)PublishedonlineEarlyView15November2016inWileyOnlineLibrary(wileyonlinelibrary.com)DOI:10.1002/smj.2589Received7April2014;Finalrevisionreceived19March2016OPTIMALDISTINCTIVENESS:BROADENINGTHEINTERFA
2、CEBETWEENINSTITUTIONALTHEORYANDSTRATEGICMANAGEMENTERICYANFEIZHAO,1*GREGFISHER,1MICHAELLOUNSBURY,2andDANNYMILLER31DepartmentofManagementandEntrepreneurship,KelleySchoolofBusiness,IndianaUniversity,Bloomington,Indiana,U.S.A.2DepartmentofStrategicManagem
3、entandOrganization,AlbertaSchoolofBusiness,UniversityofAlberta,Edmonton,Alberta,Canada3DepartmentofStrategicManagementandOrganization,UniversityofAlberta&HECMontreal,Montreal,Québec,CanadaResearchsummary:Attainingoptimaldistinctiveness—positivestakeho
4、lderperceptionsaboutafirm’sstrategicpositionthatreconcilescompetingdemandsfordifferentiationandconformity—hasbeenanimportantfocalpointforscholarshipattheinterfaceofstrategicman-agementandinstitutionaltheory.Weprovideacomprehensivereviewofthisliteratur
5、eandsituatestudiesonoptimaldistinctivenessinthebroaderscholarlyefforttointegrateinstitutionaltheoryintostrategicmanagement.Ourreviewfindsthatmuchextantresearchonfirm-leveloptimaldis-tinctivenessisgroundedinthestrategicbalanceperspectivethatconceptuali
6、zesconformityandcompetitivedifferentiationasatrade-offalongasingleorganizationalattribute.Weargueforarenewedresearchagendathatdrawsonrecentdevelopmentsininstitutionaltheorytoconceptu-alizeorganizationalenvironmentsasmoremultiplex,fragmented,anddynamic
7、,anddiscussitsimplicationsforcorestrategicmanagementtopics.Managerialsummary:Thisarticleaimstoprovidemanagerswithamorecomprehensiveandcon-temporaryviewofhowfirmscanbecomeoptimallydistinct—beingdifferentenoughfrompeerfirmstobecompetitive,butsimilarenou
8、ghtopeerstoberecognizable.Weaimtoequipman-agerswithanunderstandingoffirmsascomplex,multidimensionalentities,andencouragethemtoidentifyandorchestratevarioustypesofstrategicresourcestoreconcileconformityversusdif-ferentiationtensions,addressthem
