production of ethanol from lignocellulosic materials

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1、ProductionofEthanolfromLignocellulosicMaterials:StateoftheArtL.VallanderandK.-E.L.Eriksson*STFI,Box5604,S-11486Stockholm,Sweden1Introduction..................................................................642PartA:Pretreatment...................................

2、.......................662.1EvaluationofPretreatmentTechniques........................................663PartB:EnzymicHydrolysis.....................................................713.1Background...............................................................713

3、.2Enzyme/SubstrateRatiosandCompositionoftheEnzymeMixture...............723.3CompetitiveInhibitionoftheCellulases.......................................753.4EnzymeAdsorption........................................................763.5EnzymeRecirculation..........

4、............................................783.6TheHydrolysisProce~.....793.7StabilityofCellulolyticEnzymes.............................................833.7.1Temperature.........................................................833.7.2OtherExperimentalConditions

5、.........................................853.7.3Immobilization.......................................................853.7.4Inhibitors............................................................864PartC:Bioconversion("Fermentation")..............................

6、............875SuggestionsforFutureResearch.................................................925.1Pretreatment..............................................................925.2EnzymicHydrolysis........................................................925.3Bioconve

7、rsion.............................................................936References....................................................................93Productionofethanolfromsugar(hexoses)andstarchiscarriedoutbyawelldevelopedtechnology.Productionofethanolfromligno

8、cellulosicmaterialsismoredifficult,requiresseveralprocesssteps,andisasyetinthedevelopmentstage.Ifthepolysaccharidesinthelignocellulosicmaterialsaretobesaccharifiedvia