individual performance evaluation

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1、bri75829_ch16.qxd8/18/084:58PMPage485IndividualPerformanceEvaluationCHAPTER16CHAPTEROUTLINESettingPerformanceBenchmarksTimeandMotionStudiesPastPerformanceandtheRatchetEffectMeasurementCostsOpportunismGamingHorizonProblemRelativePerformanceEvaluationWit

2、hin-FirmPerformanceAcross-FirmPerformanceSubjectivePerformanceEvaluationMultitaskingandUnbalancedEffortSubjectiveEvaluationMethodsProblemswithSubjectivePerformanceEvaluationsCombiningObjectiveandSubjectivePerformanceMeasuresTeamPerformanceTeamProductio

3、nEvaluatingTeamsGovernmentRegulationofLaborMarketsSummaryAppendix:OptimalWeightsinaRelativePerformanceContractincolnElectricCompanywasfoundedin1895tomanufactureelectricmotorsandgenerators.1Intheearlypartofthetwentiethcentury,thefirmbecametheLpremiersupp

4、lierofelectricarcweldingmachines,weldingdisposables(elec-trodes),andcuttingproducts.In2007,Lincolnmanufacturedweldingandcut-tingsuppliesandindustrialelectricmotorsin30plantsacross18countries.PriortoexpandingmanufacturingoperationsoutsidetheUnitedStates

5、inthe1980s,Lincoln1DetailsofthisexamplearefromN.FastandN.Berg(1975),“TheLincolnElectricCompany,”HarvardBusinessSchoolCase376–028;C.Bartlett(1998),“LincolnElectric:VenturingAbroad,”HarvardBusinessSchoolCase9-398–095;andLincolnElectric’sfinancialreports.b

6、ri75829_ch16.qxd8/18/084:58PMPage486486Part3DesigningOrganizationalArchitectureElectrichadanalmostunbrokenstringofprofitableyearsandoftenwascitedasamodelofproductivitygainsandcostsavings.LincolnElectric’sstrategyinvolvesbuildingqualityproductsatacostlow

7、erthanthatofitscompetitorsandpassingthesesavingstocustomersbycontinuouslylower-ingprices.Lincolnhasbeenabletoimplementthisstrategy,inpart,throughanemployeeincentivesystemthatfosterslaborproductivityincreasesarisingfromapay-for-performancecompensationpl

8、an.Forproductionemployees,wagesarebasedentirelyonpiecework.Inaddition,theyreceiveayear-endbonuswhichaveragesapproximately100percentofregularcompensation.AkeyelementofLincoln’sorganizationalarchitecture,andthetopicofthischapter,isitsperf