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1、c02BLBK148-KnightFebruary16,200919:5CharCount=AnnualPlantReviews(2009)36,1641www.interscience.wiley.comdoi:10.1111/b.9781405181891.2009.00002.xChapter2THEGENETICBASISOFNATURALVARIATIONINBRYOPHYTEMODELSYSTEMSStuartF.McDanielDepartmentofBiology,WashingtonUniv
2、ersity,St.Louis,MO63130-4899,USAAbstract:Naturalphenotypicvariationiswidelydocumentedwithinandamongpopulationsofbryophytespecies.Thetoolsnecessarytoidentifythemolecu-largeneticbasisofthisvariationarenowwelldevelopedinafewbryophytemodelsystems.Here,Ireviewev
3、idenceforexperimentallyverifiedgeneticvaria-tioninheavymetaltolerance,mineralnutrition,gametophytegrowthandsexualdimorphisminfourbryophytemodelsystems:themossesCeratodonpurpureus,Funariahygrometrica,PhyscomitrellapatensandtheliverwortMarchantiapolymorpha.Alt
4、houghclassicalgeneticexperimentsneededtoidentifythebasisofthisvari-ationhavenotbeenwidelyutilizedamongbryophyteresearchers,geneticmapshaverecentlybeenpublishedforC.purpureusandP.patens.Bryophytesarewellsuitedforsuchstudiesbecausealargenumberofrecombinantsca
5、nbegener-atedwithasinglecross.Additionally,targetedallelereplacementisapowerfultechniquefortestingcandidategenesidentifiedbymap-basedcloning.However,additionaltechniques,suchasassociationmappingorcombiningwhole-genomeexpressionstudieswithgeneticmapping,mayal
6、sofacilitatetestingcandidategenes.Keywords:associationmapping;bryophytebreedingsystem;naturalvariation;populationgenetics;quantitativetraitlocusmappingAbbreviations:AFLPamplifiedfragmentlengthpolymorphismBACbacterialartificialchromosomePCRpolymerasechainreact
7、ionQTLquantitativetraitlocusSNPsinglenucleotidepolymorphismSSRsimplesequencerepeat16c02BLBK148-KnightFebruary16,200919:5CharCount=TheGeneticBasisofNaturalVariationinBryophyteModelSystems172.1IntroductionNaturalphenotypicvariationamongwildisolatesrepresents
8、arichandlargelyunderstudiedsourceofnovelmolecularvariants(SalviandTuberosa,2005;WeigelandNordborg,2005).Thepurposeofthischapteristoreviewrecentliteraturepertainingtonaturalvariationwithinandamongmossan
