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1、Chapter8ExportSalesContractsExportSalesContractsHARMONIZATIONOFCONTRACTLAWExportsalescontractsarecentraltointernationalcommercialtransactionsandarounditrevolvesaseriesofconnected,butdistinct,relationships,in-cludingcargoinsurance,transportation,andpaymentarrangements.Therulesandpracticesgoverningsuc
2、hcontractsvaryfromoneexporttransactiontoanother,basedontheagreementofthepartiesaswellasthelegalsystem.Nationallegalsystemsoncontractsmaydiffer,butthebasicprinciplesofcontracts,suchasgoodfaithandconsideration,aregenerallyrecognizedandacceptedinmanycountries.Thereisalsoamovementtowardconver-genceamong
3、theworld’sdifferentlegalsystemsintheareaofinternationalcommerciallaw(Lubman,1988;DiMatteo,1997).Today,itisalmostdiffi-culttoidentifyanyexamplesofsubstantialdivergencethatproduceimpor-tantandpredictabledifferencesintheoutcomeofcommercialdisputes(Rosett,1982).Certaindifferencesintheoryorapproachareoft
4、enoffsetbythecountervailingforceofinternationalusageorcustom,whichbringsaboutapredictableandharmoniousoutcomeincommercialdisputeresolution.Itispertinenttoidentifythemotivesbehindthemovetowardharmonizationofinternationalcontractlaw:•Increaseintradeandothereconomicrelationsbetweennations•Thegrowthofin
5、ternationalcustomarylaw:Commercialcustomandusagehaveoftenbeenusedinthedraftingandinterpretationofcom-merciallaw.Today,certaincustomsandpractices,derivedfrommer-chantsinEurope,regardingdocumentarydrafts,lettersofcredit,andsoforth,areuniversallyacceptedandformthebasisfordomesticandinternationalcommerc
6、iallaw.•Theadoptionofinternationalconventionsandrules:Therehavebeenseveralattemptsatunificationofinternationalcontractlaw.ThemostExport-ImportTheory,Practices,andProcedures,SecondEdition179180EXPORT-IMPORTTHEORY,PRACTICES,ANDPROCEDURESrecentattemptatprogressiveharmonizationofthelawofinternationaltra
7、deisoneundertakenbytheUnitedNationsCommissiononInter-nationalTradeLaw(UNCITRAL).TheUNCITRALproducedasetofuniformrules(ConventiononInternationalSaleofGoodsorCISG)oninternationaltradethatareaproductofdi
