somatic mutations contribute to genotypic diversity in sterile and fertile

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1、AnnalsofBotany109:331–342,2012doi:10.1093/aob/mcr283,availableonlineatwww.aob.oxfordjournals.orgSomaticmutationscontributetogenotypicdiversityinsterileandfertilepopulationsofthethreatenedshrub,Grevillearhizomatosa(Proteaceae)C.L.Gross*,PenelopeA.Nelson,AzadehHaddadchiand

2、MohammadFatemiEcosystemManagement,UniversityofNewEngland,Armidale,NSW2351,Australia*Forcorrespondence.E-mailcgross@une.edu.auReceived:5June2011Returnedforrevision:26August2011Accepted:20October2011Publishedelectronically:11November2011†BackgroundandAimsGrevillearhizomato

3、saisaspreadingshrubwhichexhibitsmultiplebreedingstrategieswithinanarrowareainthefire-proneheathlandsofeasternAustralia.Reproductivestrategiesincludeself-compatibility,self-incompatibilityandclonality(withandwithoutsterility).Thecloseproximityofcontrastingbreedingsystemspr

4、ovidesanopportunitytoexploretheevolutionofsterilityandtocompareandcontrasttheoriginsofgenotypicdiversity(recombinantorsomatic)againstdegreesofsexualexpression.Downloadedfrom†MethodsISSRmarkersfor120bandpositions(putativeloci)wereusedtocomparegeneticdiversityamongfivepopul

5、ationsatamacro-scaleof5mbetweensamples(n¼244shrubs),andatamicro-scaleofnearestneigh-2boursforallplantsinfive25-mquadratswithcontrastingfertilities(n¼162shrubs).Nearest-neighboursam-plingincludedseveralclustersofconnectedramets.Matrixincompatibility(MIC)analyseswereusedtoe

6、valuatetherelativecontributionofrecombinationandsomaticmutationtogenotypediversity.†KeyResultsHighlevelsofgenotypicdiversitywerefoundinallpopulationsregardlessoffertilities(fertilehttp://aob.oxfordjournals.org/populations,G/N≥0.94;sterilepopulations,G/N≥0.97)andmoststeri

7、lepopulationshadauniquegeneticprofile.Somaticmutationsweredetectedalongconnectedrametsintenoutof42rametclusters.MICanalysesshowedthatsomaticmutationshavecontributedtodiversityinallpopulationsandparticularlysoinsterilepopulations.†ConclusionsSomaticmutationscontributesigni

8、ficantlytogenediversityinsterilepopulationsofGrevillearhizomatosa,theaccumulationofwhichisthelikelycause