measuring distributional program effects

《measuring distributional program effects》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在工程资料-天天文库。

1、8.MeasuringDistributionalProgramEffectsSummaryInadditiontoexaminingthemeanimpactsofprograminterventions,policymak-ersmightalsoÞnditusefultounderstandhowprogramshaveaffectedhouseholdsorindividualsacrossthedistributionofoutcomes.Forexample,theimpactonpoorerhouseholdsascom

2、paredwithwealthierhouseholdsisparticularlyinterestinginthecontextofprogramsthataimtoalleviatepoverty.Anumberofapproachesexistforcharacterizingdistributionalimpactsofapro-gram.Thischapterexploresdifferenteconometricmethodsforevaluatingthedis-tributionalimpactsofpolicyint

3、erventions,includinglinearandnonlinear(quantileregression)approaches.Whetherornottheprogramisrandomizedalsoneedstobeconsidered.Collectingdetaileddataatthetimeofthesurveyonhouseholdandindi-vidualcharacteristicsisalsoveryimportantforaccuratelydistinguishinghowdifferentgro

4、upshavebeneÞtedfromtheprogram.LearningObjectivesAftercompletingthischapter,thereaderwillbeabletodiscuss■Differentempiricalmethodsforexamininghowprogramsandpoliciesaffectindividualsatdifferentpointsinthedistributionofoutcomes(suchaspercapitaexpenditureorincome)■Waystoacc

5、ountforpotentialselectionbiaswhenexaminingdistributionalimpactsofprograms■DataconsiderationsforexaminingdistributionalimpactsTheNeedtoExamineDistributionalImpactsofProgramsTheaverageormeaneffectofaprogramorpolicy,basedontheassumptionofacommoneffectacrossalltargetedhouse

6、holdsorindividuals,isaconcisewaytoevaluateitsperformance.FollowingHeckman,Smith,andClements(1997),onecanjustifyassessingaprogrambyitsmeanimpactifresearchersandpolicymakersbelievethat(a)totaloutputincreasestotalwelfareand(b)detrimentaleffectsoftheprogramorpolicyoncertain

7、partsofthepopulationarenotimportantorareoffset115HandbookonImpactEvaluationbytransfersÑeitherthroughanoverarchingsocialwelfarefunctionorfromfamilymembersorsocialnetworks.Policymakersoftenconsideritimportant,however,tounderstandhowgainsfromadevelopmentprojectmightvarybyi

8、ndividualorhouseholdcharacteristics(suchasage,householdincome,orhouseholdexpenditurestatus)eveniftheaverageeff