a dual-modulus divide-by-128119

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1、890IEEEJOURNALOFSOLID-STATECIRCUITS,VOL.31,NO.7,JULY1996ViJanCraninckxandMichielS.J.Steyaert,SeniorMember,IEEEAbstract-Adual-modulusdivide-by-1281129prescalerhasbeendevelopedina0.7-pmCMOStechnology.AnewcircuitLoopFilter-fouttechniqueenablesthelimitationofthehigh-speedsectionof-.I-v

2、.c.0.-theprescalertoonlyonedivide-by-twoflipflop.Inthatway,adual-modulusprescalerwiththesamespeedasanasynchronousdividercanbeobtained.Themeasuredmaximuminputfrequency1PrescalerIoftheprescalerisupto2.65GHzat5Vpowersupplyvoltage.Runningatapowersupplyof3V,thecircuitconsumes8mAatFout/N

3、Finamaximuminputfrequencyof1.75GHz.JN+lI.INTRODUCTIONECENTpublicationshavedemonstratedtheever-increasingimportanceofCMOSRFcircuits[1]-[3].CMOSoffersthebigadvantageofcheapprocessingandsingle-chipintegrationwithdigitalbuildingblocks.Buttoobtainthehighfrequenciesrequiredinmodernteleco

4、mmu-nicationsystems,atareasonablepowerconsumption,newFig.1.pLLfractional-lvfrequencysynthesizer.circuittechniquesmustbedeveloped.ThefrequencysynthesizerisoneofthemajorbuildingInthispaper,ahigh-speedCMOSdual-modulusprescalerblocksforintegratedtransceivers.Itrequiresalotofeffortispre

5、sentedthatdoesnotsufferfromthisspeeddegrada-toachievetherequiredspecsinastandardCMOSprocesstion.Thetopologyusedtoobtainthisresultisexplainedinwithoutanyexternalcomponents.Mostfrequencysynthesizersthenextsection.Itisbasedonthe90"phaserelationshipareofthephase-lockedloop(PLL)type,ass

6、howninFig.1.betweenthemasterandtheslavesectionofaMasterlSlaveTheonlytwoblocksoperatingatthefullfrequencyarethe(MIS)toggleflipflop.SectionI11showstheseveralhigh-speedvoltage-controlledoscillator(VCO)andtheprescaler.Forbuildingblocksthatweredesignedtoobtaina1.75-GHzinputreasonsoflown

7、oiseandlowpower,theVCOmustbeanfrequencyatasupplyvoltageofonly3V.SectionIVreportsoscillatorbasedontheresonancefrequencyofanLC-tankthemeasuredperformanceofthecircuit.Thelastsectiondrawswithpassiveon-chipinductors[4],[3].someconclusions.Theprescalermustalsooperateatthefullfrequency.It

8、dividestheVCOoutputfrequen