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1、Unit1ActivereadingTwokindsofjudgement1Therearetwodifferentwayspeoplejudgeyou.Sometimesjudgingyoucorrectlyistheendgoal.Butthere’sasecondmuchmorecommontypeofjudgmentwhereitisn’t.Wetendtoregardalljudgmentsofusasthefirsttype.We’dprobablybehappierifwerealizedwhichareandwhicharen’t.
2、2Thefirsttypeofjudgment,thetypewherejudgingyouistheendgoal,includescourtcases,gradesinclasses,andmostcompetitions.Suchjudgmentscanofcoursebemistaken,butbecausethegoalistojudgeyoucorrectly,there’susuallysomekindofappealsprocess.Ifyoufeelyou’vebeenmisjudged,youcanprotestthatyou’
3、vebeentreatedunfairly.3Nearlyallthejudgmentsmadeonchildrenareofthistype,sowegetintothehabitearlyinlifeofthinkingthatalljudgmentsare.4Butinfactthereisasecondmuchlargerclassofjudgmentswherejudgingyouisonlyameanstosomethingelse.Theseincludecollegeadmissions,hiringandinvestmentdec
4、isions,andofcoursethejudgmentsmadeindating.Thiskindofjudgmentisnotreallyaboutyou.5Putyourselfinthepositionofsomeoneselectingplayersforanationalteam.Supposeforthesakeofsimplicitythatthisisagamewithnopositions,andthatyouhavetoselect20players.Therewillbeafewstarswhoclearlyshouldm
5、aketheteam,andmanyplayerswhoclearlyshouldn’t.Theonlyplaceyourjudgmentmakesadifferenceisintheborderlinecases.Supposeyouscrewupandunderestimatethe20thbestplayer,causinghimnottomaketheteam,andhisplacetobetakenbythe21stbest.You’vestillpickedagoodteam.Iftheplayershavetheusualdistri
6、butionofability,the21stbestplayerwillbeonlyslightlyworsethanthe20thbest.Probablythedifferencebetweenthemwillbelessthanthemeasurementerror.6The20thbestplayermayfeelhehasbeenmisjudged.Butyourgoalherewasn’ttoprovideaserviceestimatingpeople’sability.Itwastopickateam,andifthediffer
7、encebetweenthe20thand21stbestplayersislessthanthemeasurementerror,you’vestilldonethatoptimally.7It’safalseanalogyeventousethewordunfairtodescribethiskindofmisjudgment.It’snotaimedatproducingacorrectestimateofanygivenindividual,butatselectingareasonablyoptimalset.8Onethingthatl
8、eadsusastrayhereisthattheselectorseemstobeinapositionofpower.
