新视界大学英语综合教程unit_7__active_reading

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1、TextCanbadluckbeexplained?TextOrganizationGeneral-to-particularpatternI.IntroductionReasonsII.ReasonsMathematical/psychologicalIII.Specificbadluck1Specificbadluck2Introduction/Leadin(1-3)Raisequestions1.Doyouevergettheimpressionthatyouwerebornunlucky?2.W

2、hatmightbetherationalexplanation?II.Thedefinitionofbadness(4-6)Neutral←→BadBadnessMarginallybad←→extremelybadOnthespectrum---Thetrainarrives5minuteslateReasonsforbadthingshappeninginthree(7-10)1.Themostimportantofall---Durationandmemorability(Paras7-8)2.

3、tendency(Para9)---lookforexampleswhichconfirmandignorethosewhichdon’t.3.RationalexplanationProbabilityandindependence(Para10)Matchtheexampleswiththetypeofevents1,burstwaterpipe2.caraccident3.loseweddingring4.beredundant5.dropapreciousvaseA.sthmighthappen

4、whenyoufeeldepressedB.memorableandunfortunateeventC.eventthatconfirmsthebadlucktheoryD.unluckyeventthatmakespeoplesufferdepressionKey1----B2,3----C4----D5----ASpecificExamplesSpecificbadluck1---MapreadingmisfortunesSpecificbadluck1---Thelightsarealwaysre

5、dwhenI'minahurryJudgingstatements(I)1.Thechanceofpickingadestinationwhichisclosetotheedgeofthemapismuchhigherthanyouexpect.2.Peoplealwaysforgetthenumberoftimestheroaddoesn’tlandawkwardly.Judgingstatements(I)3.30%ofthemappageisduplicatedbecauseofselective

6、memory.4.Mapreadingmisfortuneisatypicalselectivememory.Judgingstatements(II)5.Therelativefrequencyofredandgreenlightsonajourneyisanotherexampleofselectivememory.6.Trafficlightissimplifiedasbeingliketossingacoin,witha50%chanceofbeingred.Judgingstatements(

7、II)7.Redlightscomeupnotsooftenwhenthedriverisnotinahurry.8.Redlightsareforgottenimmediatelywhilegreenlightsstickinpeople’sminds.Key1-4√√×√5-8√√××Numberthestatementsinacorrectorder1.Aswithcoincidence,inbadluck,thereisatendencytolookforexampleswhichconfirm

8、thetheoryandignorethosewhichdon’t.2.Badluckcanbepartlyexplainedfromtheangleofmathsandpsychology.3.Whenitcomestobadthingshappeninginthree,itmaybeduetothedurationandmemorabilityofthefirstevent.4.Thereisatleastonereasonwhybad