1、-.Lesson 1 1. International trade: can be defined as the exchange of goods and services produced in one country with those produced in another. 2. International specialization: one country producing more of a modity than it uses itself and selling th
2、e remainder to other countries. 3. The theory of parative advantage: holds that even if a country is less efficient than another in the production of both modities, i.e. it has absolute disadvantage in producing both modities, there is still a basis fo
3、r mutually beneficial trade. 4.国际专业化：international specialization 绝对利益：absolute advantage 比拟利益：parative advantage 5. rich in advantage over point on across borders 6.Translation: (1) 在复杂的经济世界中，没有一个国家可以完全自给自足。 In the plex economic world, no co
4、untry can be pletely self- sufficient. (2) 随着制造业和技术的开展，出现了另一个刺激贸易的因素，即国际专业化。 With the development of manufacturing and technology, there arose another incentive for trade, i.e. international specialization. (3) 按照比拟利益学说，两个贸易伙伴均可从贸易中得到好处。 Accordin
5、g to the theory of parative advantage, both trade partners can benefit from trade. (4) 比拟利益并不是一个静止的概念，一个国家可以通过自己的行动开展某种特定的比拟利益。 parative advantage is not a static concept; a country may develop a particular parative advantage through its own actions.
6、 (5) 比拟利益理论已成为现代国际贸易思想的基石。 The idea of parative advantage has bee the cornerstone of modern thinking on international trade. Lesson 2 1. Economies of scale: that is, the cost advantages of large-scale production. 2. Tariff barriers: are the mos
7、t mon form of trade restriction. 3. A tariff: is a tax levied on a modity when it crosses the boundary of a customs area which usually coincides with the area of a country. 4. A customs union: a customs area extending beyond national boundaries to in
8、clude two or more independent nations is called a customs union. 5. Import duties: are tariffs levied on goods entering an area. 6. Export duties: are taxes levied on goods leaving an area. 7. Drawback: refers to dut
