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1、一、Fillintheblanks.(20×2’=40’)1.Moneyhasevolvedfromcommoditymoney–whichhasusevalueaswellasvalueasamediumofexchange–tonon-commoditymoney–whichhaslittleornousevalue.Non-commoditymoneyischeaptoproduceanduse,whilecommoditymoneyinvolvesahighopportunitycostb
2、ecauseitsnon-monetaryvalueissacrificed.Sincenon-commoditymoneyissoeasytoproduce,thereisalwaysadangerthatiswillbeoverproduced.2.Changesinthemoneysupplyoritsrateofgrowthinfluencesucheconomicvariablesastheunemploymentrate,aggregateoutput,inflation,foregi
3、nexchangerateandstockmarketfluctuation.3.Thevalueofanitemisameasureofwhatapersonwillsacrificetoobtainit.Valueispsychologicalevaluationonitemsratherthandecidedbythecostortimehumanspentinproducingthem.4.TheM-1aggregateismeanttoapproximatethetransactions
4、balancesconceptofmoney.M-1consistsofcurrencyincirculation,traveler’schecks,demanddeposits,andcertainothercheckabledeposits,suchasautomatictransferservice(ATS)account.5.PPIisformerlyknownasthe“all-commodities”wholesalepriceindex.Actually,itmeasuresaver
5、agechangesinpricereceivedbydomesticproducersfortheiroutput.Theproducerpriceindexisofgeneralinterestsinceitisoftenaprecursorofpricelevelchangesattheretaillevel.6.Basedonthecostofafixedbasketofapproximately400goodsandservices,includingfood,fuel,clothing
6、,education,medicalservices,housing,andinterestrates,CPIcanbeusedtomeasureinflationorpricelevel,Obviously,someitemsaremuchmoreimportantelementsofconsumerspendingthanothers,therefore,differentweightsmustbeassignedtoeachofthegoodsandservicescontainedinth
7、emarketbasket.Inchina,CPIdoesnotincludehousing,andtheweightassignedtoeducationandmedicalservicesisverylow.7.Thefunctionsofmoneyinclude:mediumofexchange,standardofvalue,standardofdeferredpayment,andstoreofvalueaswellasamacroeconomiccontrolfunction.8.Th
8、etermQuadisknowastherichestfourregionoftheworld:theUSA,theEuropeanUnion,JapanandCanada.9.MNEshavethreedistinctivecharacteristics:enormousinsize,widegeographicalspreadandlongevity.10.Inthecomplexeconomicworld，nocountrycanbecompletelyself-suffic
