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1、國立屏東教育大學96學年度研究所碩士班入學考試科學文獻判讀試題（應用化學暨生命科學系碩士班）※請注意：1.本試題共三頁。2.答案須寫在答案卷，否則不予計分。一、請於閱讀“Discoveringthepeacekeepers”後回答下列問題(ScientificAmerican,2006,vol295,no4,p36)i由文章中請推論T細胞(T-cell)會引發哪些免疫反應。(10%)ii由文章中請推論胸腺(thymus)與T細胞分化之關聯。(10%)iii請對CD25+T細胞之主要功能做ㄧ分析，並指出可證明其功能之實驗證據。(15%)第3頁，共3頁Discovering
2、thePeacekeepersFindingshintingattheexistenceofregulatoryTcellsdatebacksurprisinglyfar.In1969YasuakiNishizukaandTeruyoSakakura,workingattheAichiCancerCenterResearchInstituteinNagoya,Japan,showedthatremovingthethymusfromnewbornfemalemicehadacuriousoutcome:theanimalslosttheirovaries.Atfirst
3、itwasthoughtthatthethymusmustsecretesomekindofhormoneneededforsurvivalofthedevelopingovaries.Later,though,itturnedoutthatimmunesystemcellsinvadedtheovaries.Theovariandestructionwasthereforeanautoimmunedisease,whichhadpresumablybeenunleashedbytheanimals'lossofacountervailingregulatoryproc
4、ess.IfthemicewereinoculatedwithnormalTcells,theautoimmunediseasewasinhibited.Tcells,then,couldattimespolicethemselvessomehow.Intheearly1970sJohnPenhaleoftheUniversityofEdinburghmadeanalogousobservationsinadultrats,andRichardGershonofYaleUniversitybecamethefirsttoproposetheexistenceofaTce
5、llpopulationcapableofdampingimmuneresponses,includingautoaggressiveones.ThishypotheticalimmunesystemmemberwaschristenedthesuppressorTcell.Atthetime,though,noresearcherwasabletoactuallyfindoneorpinpointthemolecularactionbywhichoneimmunesystemcellcouldrestrainanother.Consequently,theconcep
6、tofthesuppressorTcelllanguishedalongthefringesofmainstreamimmunology.Despitethenegativeatmosphere,someresearcherspersistedintryingtoidentifyTcellswithanabilitytopreventautoimmunedisease.Thebasichopewastodiscoveratelltalemolecularfeatureatthesurfaceofsuchcells--a"marker"bywhichsuppressorT
7、cellscouldbedistinguishedfromothercells.Beginninginthemid-1980s,variouscandidatemarkerswereexplored.In1995oneofus(Sakaguchi)finallydemonstratedthatamoleculecalledCD25wasareliablemarker.When,instudiesofmice,heremovedCD4+Tcellsdisplayingthatmolecule,organssuchasthethyroid,s
