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1、直接引语变间接引语(DirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech)概念:引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。直接引用别人的原话,两边用引号标出叫做直接引语用自己的语言转述别人的话,不需要用引号标出叫做间接引语。直接引语转化成间接引语时,句子的结构、人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要发生变化。1,句子结构的变化1)如果直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时,宾语从句前的that有时可以省略。Jimsaid,"ilikeswimmingandiwanttogoswimmingthisafternoon
2、."------Jimsaid(that)helikedswimmingandthathewantedtogoswimmingthatafternoon.2)直接引语如果是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,要用连词whether或if引导,同时把原来的疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。Mr.Liasked,"Doyouunderstandthetext?"Mr.Liaskedusif/whetherweunderstoodthetext.3)直接引语为选择疑问句时,通常只用whether引导。Heasked,"Ist
3、hisbookyoursorhis?"Heaskedmewhetherthebookwasmineorhis.4)直接引语如果是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,仍用原来的疑问词引导,但要把原来的疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。Mary'sparentsasked,”whatdoyouwant,Mary?“Mary'sparentsaskedMarywhatshewanted.5)直接引语是感叹句时,间接引语可用whatorhow引导,也可以用that引导。Shesaid,"whatalovelydayitis!"
4、Shesaidwhatalovelydayitwas!/shesaidthatitwasalovelyday.2,时态的变化直接引语变为间接引语时,主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时,从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应变化。直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去式一般过去时过去完成时时态一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时例题1,theboysaid,"iamdoingmyhomeworknow."用心爱心专心Theboysaid___________
5、_________________________.2,Bobsaid,"mysisterwasherethreedaysago."Bobtoldme______________________________________.3,“Doyoubelieveavolleyballcanbecomeyourfriend?”thereporterasked.Thereporteraskedus__________________________________.4,Mr.Smithaskedher,"How
6、longwillittakeyoutoflytoNewYork?"Mr.Smithaskedher____________________________.5,LoriaskedKitty,"whatareyoureading?"LoriaskedKitty______________________________________.6,theteachertoldthem,"youshouldcleantheclassroomafterclass."3,人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语以及动词的
7、变化。人称代词:指示代词:this变that;these变those时间状语从句:now-then,today-thatday,tomorrow-thenextday,yesterday-thedaybefore,nextyear-thenextyear,ago-before/earlier,lastnight-thenightbefore地点状语:here-there动词come-go4,请注意直接引语变间接引语时时态不变的情况。1)当直接引语阐述的是一成不变的科学真理、现在的习惯性动作、客观真理和格
8、言时,变为间接引语时,其时态不变。Hesaid,"Nothingistoodifficultifweputourheartsintoit."Hesaidthatnothingistoodifficultifweputourheartsintoit.2)当直接引语阐述的是一个过去事实或有具体的过去时间状语,变为间接引语时,时态不变。Hesaid,"TheBirdNestwasbuiltin2008."Hesaidthathehasaccept