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1、Unit1Unit1LaughterisgoodforyouGrammarandusageOverview:infinitive,verb-ingandverb-ed(1)什么是非谓语动词？动词的三种形态，不能独立的在句子中做谓语，必修与系动词或者助动词一起充当谓语成分。非谓语动词的三种形式动词不定式表示未发生的或后发生的动作动词-ing表示主动的动作动词-ed表示被动的动作、作主语☆动词不定式作主语Toseeistobelieve.Torecoverlosttimeisimpossible.Itis/was+adj.+(for/ofsb.)tod
2、osth.e.g.Itisimpossibletorecoverlosttime.Itisveryfriendlyofyoutoinviteustoyourbirthdayparty.单个不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数。若不定式太长，往往用it作形式主语，不定式置后。☆动名词作主语FightingbrokeoutbetweentheSouthandtheNorth.Itis/was+(no)adj.+doingsth.e.g.It’snouselearninglotsofwordswithoutknowinghowtousethem.But:Itis
3、notuseful/goodtodosth.Itisuse/goodforsb.todosth.动词不定式作主语和动名词作主语的区别：不定式作主语常表示具体的某一动作；动名词作主语表示泛指或一般的抽象概念在there/it+be+nouse/good/help/need之后常用动名词作主语三、作宾补☆动词不定式作宾补V1+sb.+todosth.ask/require/tell/order/force/get/want/like/think/judge/suppose/believe/consider/imagine/callon/dependon
4、/waitfor/askforV2+sb.+dosth.感官动词：see,watch,observe,notice,lookat,hear,listen,smell,taste,feel使役动词：have,make,let“五看三使二听二味一感觉”e.g.Youdon’thavetomakePaullearnFrench.Pauldoesn’thavetobemadetolearnFrench.某些动词真奇怪，to来to去令人猜；主动语态to离开，被动语态to回来。不定式用在介词but，except，besides后时如果这些介词前有行为动词do的
5、各种形式，那么介词后的不定式不带to，相反则带to。e.g.(1)Shecoulddonothingbutcry.(2)Ihavenochoicebuttogo.(3)Whatdoyouliketodobesidessleep.☆动名词作宾补V+sb.+doingsth.e.g.IsawMarylyingonbed,crying,whenIranintotheclassroom.Howcouldyoukeepsuchalittleboyworkinglongday?Motherfoundtheboysmokinginthecorner.Ontheg
6、rass-coveredslopes,onecouldseesheepandcattlegrazingpeacefully.☆过去分词作宾补V+sb./sth.+donesth.e.g.Ineedthischapterrewrittenbeforetomorrow.Arrivingatthestation,wefoundthetraingonealready.四、作定语☆动词不定式作定语1.表示将要发生的动作。e.g.Hehasnowishtoseeher.(表主动)他并不想见她。Thepowerstationtobebuiltnextyearwi
7、llbeofgreatvaluetothepeople.(表被动)明年将修建的发电站将对人们有利。2.在序数词、形容词最高级、thefirst，thelast，theonly等修饰的名词后作定语。e.g.Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.他总是第一个来最后一个走。3.若作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者及物动词与被修饰的词不能构成动宾关系时，则不定式动词后须加上适当的介词。e.g.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.他正在找房子住。4.一个带有宾语的动词不定式短语作定语修饰名词时，
8、为了使句意完整，须加一个相应的介词。e.g.WhenIhandedthereporttoJohn,hesaidthatTo
