化工专业英语材料

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1、NomenclatureofInorganicchemistry无机化学命名Cationsformedfrommetalatomshavethesamenameasthemetal.Na+sodiumion,Zn2+zincionIonsformedfromasingleatomarecalledmonoatomicions.IfametalcanformcationsfordifferingchargesthechargenumberisindicatedbyaromannumeralFe2+iron(II)ion,Fe3+iron(III)ionCu+copper(I)ion,Cu2+c

2、opper(II)ionMostvariablechargeionsareinthetransitionmetals.从金属原子形成的阳离子具有相同的名称作为金属。Na+的钠离子，锌离子的锌离子从单个原子形成的离子被称为单原子离子。如果金属能形成阳离子电荷不同的电荷数量由罗马数字表示Fe2+的铁（II）离子，Fe3+的铁（III）离子的Cu+铜（I）离子，铜离子的铜（II）离子最可变电荷离子是在过渡金属。Monoatomicanionsarenamedbyreplacingtheendingwith–ide.H-hydrideion,O2-oxideionSomepolyatomicanio

3、nsalsohavean–ideending.OH-hydroxideion,O22-peroxideionPolyatomicionscontainingoxygen(oxyanions).Theyin–ateand–iteNO3-nitrateion,NO2-nitriteion单原子阴离子与-ide更换结束而得名。H-氢离子，O2-氧离子一些多原子阴离子也有-ide结局。OH-氢氧根离子，O22-过氧化物离子含氧（含氧阴离子）多原子离子。他们-ate和-iteNO3-硝酸根离子，NO2-亚硝酸根离子Theprefixper-indicatesonemoreOatomthantheoxy

4、anionending–ate,theprefixhypo-indicatesonelessOatomthantheoxyanionendingin–ite:ClO4-perchlorateion(onemoreOatomthanchlorate)ClO3-chlorateionClO2-chloriteion(onelessOatomthanchlorate)ClO-hypochloriteion(onelessOatomthanchlorite)per-表示多一个氧原子比结束-ate氧离子的前缀，前缀低渗表明少了一个氧原子比-ite结束氧离子：ClO4-高氯酸根离子（多一个氧原子比氯酸盐

5、）ClO3-氯酸根ClO2-绿泥石离子（少一个氧原子比氯酸盐）CLO-次氯酸根离子（少一个氧原子比绿泥石）AnacidisanycompoundwhosemoleculesreleaseanH+ionwhendissolvedinwater.(ForNow)Acidsbasedonanionswhosenamesendin–idehaveanassociatedacidthatstartswithhydro-andendin–icCl-(cloride)yieldsHCl(Hydrocloricacid)Acidbasedonanionswhosenamesendin–ateor–iteha

6、veacidsthatendin–icor–ous.ClO4-(Perchlorate)yieldsHClO4(PerchloricAcid)ClO3-(Chlorate)yieldsHClO3(ChloricAcid)ClO2-(Chlorite)yieldsHClO2(ChlorousAcid)ClO-(Hypoclorite)yieldsHClO(HypochlorousAcid)酸是其分子在水中溶解时释放的H+离子的任何化合物。（目前）基于阴离子，后缀名为酸-ide有关联的酸与水文和结束-ic开始氯离子（cloride）生成的HCl（Hydrocloric酸）酸基于阴离子，后缀名为-

7、ate或-ite有结束-ic或-ous酸。ClO4-（高氯酸盐）产生高氯酸（高氯酸）ClO3-（氯酸盐）产生HClO3（盐酸溶液）ClO2-（绿泥石）产生HClO2（亚氯酸）CLO-（Hypoclorite）产生的HClO（次氯酸）Namethefollowingacids:HCN,HNO3,H2SO4,andH2SO3HydrocyanicAcid:Anionhas–ideendingsoyougetahy