chapter 9： design for environment

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1、27CHAPTER9DESIGNFORENVIRONMENTIfwearegoingtomaketheimprovementsnecessarytomakebusinesssustainablewemustfocusondesignbecausethegreatestpossibilitiesforreducingenvironmentalimpactaredecidedatthedesignstage.Intheelectronicsandautomobileindustries,forexample,80%ofproductlifecyclecostsaredeci

2、dedattheconceptandpreliminarydesignstages.Designdeterminesifthematerials,partsandcomponentsusedinthemanufactureofagoodorthegoodsusedinprovidingaservicewillbeenvironmentallydestructiveorfriendly.Designdetermineswhethertheprocessesusedtomakegoodsandserviceswasteorconserveenergy,oriftheypre

3、ventpollution.Designdetermineshowmuchenergywillbeusedorpollutionwillbeproducedwhenaproductisinuse.Designdetermineshowlongaproductwilllastandifaproductcanberecycled.Design,notonly,determineshowtheproductwillbemade,butalsohowitwillfitintotheexistingindustrialecologyandwhethertheproductcanh

4、elptoimprovetheindustrialecology.Thusproductdesignershavetoconsidertheindustrialsector’scapacityforrecycling,thetechnologicallogisticsofrecyclingandtheregulatoryandeconomiccontextofrecycling.Webeginthischapterwithanoverviewofdesignforenvironment,andthenwewilllookatthreeexamplesofDfE.Most

5、oftentheconceptofDfEisappliedtothedesignofmanufacturedgoodsandbuildings.Theservicesectorhasreceivedlessattention.Wereversethatorderbylookingatservicesfirst.Servicescompriseover80percentofmostdevelopedeconomies,andover90%ofHongKong’seconomy.Mostimportantlyservicesarethedriversoftheincreas

6、inguseofgoods,buildingsandotherformsofphysicalinfrastructure.Inessencethiscourseisdesignedaroundtheideathatallfirmsareserviceprovidersandthattheymustredesigntheirbusinessdeliverysystemstointegrateenvironmentalperformance.Nextwelookatdesignofgoods.Thedesignofagooddeterminesnotonlytheproce

7、ssesusedtomakeit,butalsothematerialandenergyefficiencyoftheproductinuseandalsotherelationshipsthatconnecteachstageoftheproductcycleandtheefficienciesoftheprocessesusedateachstage.Finallywelookatthedesignofbuildingsbecausetheirconstructionandoperationdemandsuchagreatpropor