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1、高考英语定语从句讲解(课件)1.定语从句:2.先行词:3.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词通常有下列三个作用:Revision修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等;关系副词有when,where,why等。A、引导定语从句;B、代替先行词;C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。■关系代词的一般用法先行词是人,在从句中作主语用who,作宾语用whom或who,作定语用whose;先行词是物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语都用
2、which,作定语用ofwhich或whose均可。在限制性定语从句中which,who,whom都可用that代替。关系代词作宾语时常被省略。(1)Thefactory______hisfatherworkedhasclosed.比较:Thefactory__________wasbuiltin1978hasclosed.(2)I’llneverforgetthedays______welivedtogether.比较:I’llneverforgetthedays(______)wespentinAustralia.(3)Thereason(_____)shewasillwa
3、sthatshehadeatenbadmeat.比较:Thereason(____)hegaveforhisabsencewasobviouslyfabricated.where(作状语)which/that(作主语)when(作状语)that(作及物动词spent的宾语)why(作状语,用关系副词)that(作gave的宾语,用关系代词)在定语从句中,关系代词which和that都可指物,一般情况下,可以互换使用。但在下列情况下值得注意:■只能用that而不能用which的情形(1)当先行词为:all,little,few,much,none及some-,any-,no-,e
4、very-与thing所组成的复合单词时,只能用that。如:Thereisnothingthatwillstopusmakingprogress.(2)当先行词前面有only,some,any,no,every,little,few,much,all,very等形容词修饰时,只能用that。如:Thisistheonlyproblemthatwecan’tworkout.(3)当先行词由形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时,只能用that。如:ThisisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread.(4)当先行词同时包括人和物时,只能用that。如
5、:Luxunandhisworksthatwearefamiliarwithareconsideredgreat.(5)当先行词在主句中作表语时,只能用that。如:ThisisabookthatIhavebeenlookingforsincelastweek.(6)当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时,只能用that。如:Whichisthepicturethatyoudrewyesterday?■只能用which而不能用that的情形(1)当非限制性定语从句中的先行词指物时,只能用which。如:Thepencil-case,whichIboughtlastweek,is
6、missing.(2)关系代词前面有介词时,只能用which。如:Thetreeunderwhichweusedtotakearesthasbeencutdown.(3)先行词为代词that或that所修饰时,只能用which。如:Idon’ttakethatwhichistooexpensive.who(whom)和that的用法区别详解在定语从句中,关系代词who(whom)和that都可指人和物,在一般情况下,可以互换使用,一、用who(whom)而不用that的情形(1)在非限制性定语从句中的先行词指人时,只能用who(whom)。如:Mysister,whoisstu
7、dyingabroad,sentmeabeautifulpresentjustbeforethisChristmas.(2)当定语从句对指人的先行词进行隔位修饰时,只能用who(whom)。如:Doyouknowthegirlinfrontoftheblackboardwhoisspeakingtothestudents?(3)当先行词为people和those时,只能用who(whom)。Thosewhowanttogotherecomehereplease.(4)当先行词为one,one