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1、定语从句theAttributiveClause1.定语从句:2.先行词:3.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词通常有下列三个作用:Revision修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等;关系副词有when,where,why等。A、引导定语从句;B、代替先行词;C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。■关系代词的一般用法先行词是人,在从句中作主语用who
2、,作宾语用whom或who,作定语用whose;先行词是物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语都用which,作定语用ofwhich或whose均可。在限制性定语从句中which,who,whom都可用that代替。关系代词作宾语时常被省略。Thisistheman_____helpedmeyesterday.Theteacher(______________)youwanttoseeiscoming.Imetaboy______fatherwasaastronaut.Hereisthecoat_________will
3、bemadetoyou.Thisisthefactory(_________)wevisitedlastyear.Hehasabook_____cover(=thecover_______)isverybeautiful.whowho/whom/thatwhosewhich/thatwhich/thatwhoseofwhich(作定语)(作主语)(作see的宾语,可以省略)(作定语)(作主语)(作visited的宾语,可以省略)■关系副词的一般用法关系副词有when,where,why,在定语从句中作状语,分别
4、表示时间、地点和原因。when的先行词通常是time,day,season,age,occasion等时间名词;where的先行词通常是place,city,town,village,house,case,situation,scenes等地点或情形名词;why的先行词只能是reason。关系副词when和where有时可用“介词+which”代替,why可用forwhich代替。Thereareoccasions_______________onemustyield.(屈服)Beijingistheplace
5、_______________Iwasborn.Isthisthereason_____________herefusedouroffer?when(=onwhich)where(=inwhich)why(=forwhich)注意:先行词虽然是时间或地点,但若在定语从句中作主语或宾语时,要用关系代词。(1)Thefactory______hisfatherworkedhasclosed.比较:Thefactory__________wasbuiltin1978hasclosed.(2)I’llneverforg
6、etthedays______welivedtogether.比较:I’llneverforgetthedays(______)wespentinAustralia.(3)Thereason(_____)shewasillwasthatshehadeatenbadmeat.比较:Thereason(____)hegaveforhisabsencewasobviouslyfabricated.where(作状语)which/that(作主语)when(作状语)that(作及物动词spent的宾语)why(作状语,
7、用关系副词)that(作gave的宾语,用关系代词)在定语从句中,关系代词which和that都可指物,一般情况下,可以互换使用。但在下列情况下值得注意:■只能用that而不能用which的情形(1)当先行词为:all,little,few,much,none及some-,any-,no-,every-与thing所组成的复合单词时,只能用that。如:Thereisnothingthatwillstopusmakingprogress.(2)当先行词前面有only,some,any,no,every,litt
8、le,few,much,all,very等形容词修饰时,只能用that。如:Thisistheonlyproblemthatwecan’tworkout.(3)当先行词由形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时,只能用that。如:ThisisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread.(4)当先行词同时包括人和物时,只能用that。如:Luxunandhisw