alcohols grossmont college：醇格罗斯蒙特学院.ppt

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1、Chapter10Copyright©2010PearsonEducation,Inc.OrganicChemistry,7thEditionL.G.Wade,Jr.StructureandSynthesisofAlcoholsChapter102StructureofWaterandMethanolOxygenissp3hybridizedandtetrahedral.TheH—O—Hangleinwateris104.5°.TheC—O—Hangleinmethylalcoholis108.9°.Chapter103ClassificationofAlcoholsPri

2、mary:carbonwith—OHisbondedtooneothercarbon.Secondary:carbonwith—OHisbondedtotwoothercarbons.Tertiary:carbonwith—OHisbondedtothreeothercarbons.Aromatic(phenol):—OHisbondedtoabenzenering.Chapter104ExamplesofClassificationsCH3CCH3CH3OH*CH3CHOHCH2CH3*CH3CHCH3CH2OH*PrimaryalcoholSecondaryalcoholT

3、ertiaryalcoholChapter105IUPACNomenclatureFindthelongestcarbonchaincontainingthecarbonwiththe—OHgroup.Dropthe-efromthealkanename,add-ol.Numberthechaingivingthe—OHgroupthelowestnumberpossible.Numberandnameallsubstituentsandwritetheminalphabeticalorder.Chapter106ExamplesofNomenclature2-methyl-1

4、-propanol2-methylpropan-1-ol2-methyl-2-propanol2-methylpropan-2-ol2-butanolbutan-2-olCH3CCH3CH3OHCH3CHCH3CH2OHCH3CHOHCH2CH3321123421Chapter107Alkenols(Enols)Hydroxylgrouptakesprecedence.Assignthecarbonwiththe—OHthelowestnumber.Endthenamein–ol,butalsospecifythatthereisadoublebondbyusingtheend

5、ing–enebefore-ol4-penten-2-olpent-4-ene-2-olCH2CHCH2CHCH3OH54321Chapter108NamingPriorityAcidsEstersAldehydesKetonesAlcoholsAminesAlkenesAlkynesAlkanesEthersHalidesHighestrankingLowestrankingChapter109HydroxySubstituentWhen—OHispartofahigherpriorityclassofcompound,itisnamedashydroxy.4-hydroxy

6、butanoicacidalsoknownasg-hydroxybutyricacid(GHB)CH2CH2CH2COOHOHcarboxylicacid4321Chapter1010CommonNamesAlcoholcanbenamedasalkylalcohol.Usefulonlyforsmallalkylgroups.isobutylalcoholsec-butylalcoholCH3CHCH3CH2OHCH3CHOHCH2CH3Chapter1011NamingDiolsTwonumbersareneededtolocatethetwo—OHgroups.Use-d

7、iolassuffixinsteadof-ol.hexane-1,6-diol123456Chapter1012Glycols1,2-diols(vicinaldiols)arecalledglycols.Commonnamesforglycolsusethenameofthealkenefromwhichtheyweremade.ethane-1,2-diolethyleneglycolpropane-1,2-diolpropyleneglycolChapter1013PhenolNome