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1、GasChromatographystationarybedfluidWhatis“Chromatography”“colorwriting”theseparationofmixturesintotheirconstituentsbypreferentialadsorptionbyasolid”(RandomHouseCollegeDictionary,1988)“Chromatographyisaphysicalmethodofseparationinwhichthecomponentstobeseparatedaredi
2、stributedbetweentwophases,oneofthephasesconstitutinga______________oflargesurfacearea,theotherbeinga______thatpercolatesthroughoralongthestationarybed.”(Ettre&Zlatkis,1967,“ThePracticeofGasChromatography)gasApplicationsCompoundmustexistasa____atatemperaturethatcanb
3、eproducedbytheGCandwithstoodbythecolumn(upto450°C)AlcoholsinbloodAromatics(benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene,xylene)FlavorsandFragrancesPermanentgases(H2,N2,O2,Ar,CO2,CO,CH4)HydrocarbonsPesticides,Herbicides,PCBs,andDioxinsSolventsAdvantagesofGasChromatographyRequireson
4、lyverysmallsampleswithlittlepreparationGoodatseparatingcomplexmixturesintocomponentsResultsarerapidlyobtained(1to100minutes)VeryhighprecisionOnlyinstrumentwiththesensitivitytodetectvolatileorganicmixturesoflowconcentrationsEquipmentisnotverycomplex(sophisticatedove
5、n)ChromatogramofGasoline1.Isobutane 2.n-Butane 3.Isopentane 4.n-Pentane 5.2,3-Dimethylbutane 6.2-Methylpentane 7.3-Methylpentane 8.n-Hexane 9.2,4-Dimethylpentane 10.Benzene 11.2-Methylhexane 12.3-Methylhexane 13.2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 14.n-Heptane 15.2,5-Dimethylhe
6、xane 16.2,4-Dimethylhexane 17.2,3,4-Trimethylpentane 18.Toluene 19.2,3-Dimethylhexane 20.Ethylbenzene 21.m-Xylene 22.p-Xylene 23.o-XyleneTheoryofOperationVelocityofacompoundthroughthecolumndependsuponaffinityforthestationaryphaseAreaundercurveis______ofcompoundadso
7、rbedtostationaryphaseGasphaseconcentrationCarriergasmassProcessFlowSchematicCarriergas(nitrogenorhelium)SampleinjectionLongColumn(30m)Detector(flameionizationdetectororFID)HydrogenAirGasChromatographComponentsFlameIonizationDetectorColumnOvenInjectionPorttopviewfro
8、ntviewGasChromatographyFlameIonizationDetectorRespondstocompoundsthatproduce____whenburnedinanH2-airflameallorganiccompoundsLittleornoresponseto(
