语用学后格莱斯理论介绍英文ppt.pptx

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1、Post-GriceanPragmaticsGrice'sCooperativePrinciplePaulGriceisgenerallyregardedasthefoundingfigureofthetraditoninwhichutterancemeaningisanalyzedintermsofspeaker'sintentions.PaulGriceCooperativePrinciplesTheFourMaximsTheFourMaxims:*MaximofQuantity:Makeyourcontributionasinformativeasisrequi

2、red.Donotmakeyourcontributionmoreinformativethanisrequired.*MaximofQuality:Donotsaywhatyoubelievetobefalse.Donotsaythatforwhichyoulackadequateevidence.*MaximofRelation:Berelevant*MaximofManner:AvoidabsurdityofexpressionAvoidambiguityBebrief(avoidunnecessaryprolixity).④BeorderlyTheP

3、rincipleofRelevanceSperber＆WilsonMinimizetheprocessingeffortMaximizethecognitiveeffectDefinition:Everyactof"ostensivecommunication"communicatesapresumptionofitsown"optimalrelevance".OstensivecommunicationOptimalrelevanceEx.1.a.Georgehasabigcat.b.Georgehasatiger,alion,ajaguar(美洲豹),etc.c.G

4、eorgehasatiger.d.Georgehasatigeroralion,I'mnotsurewhich.e.Georgehasafelid.TheQ-Principle＆TheR-PrincipleTheQ﹝uantity﹞PrincipleMakeyourcontributionsufficient.Sayasmuchasyoucan(givenR).ReplaceGrice'sfirstmaximofquantityandthemaximofmanner.Thisprincipleconcernsmainlyaboutthemaximizationofi

5、nformationalcontent.Ex.a.Someofmyfriendsarelinguists.b.Notallofmyfriendsarelinguists.TheR﹝elation﹞PrincipleMakeyourcontributionnecessary.Saynomorethanyoumust(givenQ).ReplaceGrice'ssecondmaximofquantityandthemaximofrelation.Thisprincipleconcernsmainlyabouttheminimizationofform.Ex.Canyou

6、passmethesalt?TheQ-I-andM-PrinciplesTheQ-PrincipleDefinition:Makeyourcontributionasinformativeasisrequiredforthecurrentpurposeoftheexchange.Specifically:don'tprovideastatementthatisinformationallyweakerthanyourknowledgeoftheworldallows,unlessprovidingastrongerstatementwouldcontravenetheI

7、-principle.Ex.1a.Ioftentakesugarinmycoffee.b.Idonotalwaystakesugarinmycoffee.Ex.2a.Ibelieve(cf.know)thatJohnisaway.b.Hemayormaynotbe----speakerdoesn'tknowwhich.TheQ-I-andM-PrinciplesTheI-PrincipleDefinition:Sayaslittleasnecessary,producetheminimallinguisticscluessufficien