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时间:2021-04-14
《语用学后格莱斯理论介绍英文ppt.pptx》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、Post-GriceanPragmaticsGrice'sCooperativePrinciplePaulGriceisgenerallyregardedasthefoundingfigureofthetraditoninwhichutterancemeaningisanalyzedintermsofspeaker'sintentions.PaulGriceCooperativePrinciplesTheFourMaximsTheFourMaxims:*MaximofQuantity:Makeyourcontributionasinformativeasisrequi
2、red.Donotmakeyourcontributionmoreinformativethanisrequired.*MaximofQuality:Donotsaywhatyoubelievetobefalse.Donotsaythatforwhichyoulackadequateevidence.*MaximofRelation:Berelevant*MaximofManner:AvoidabsurdityofexpressionAvoidambiguityBebrief(avoidunnecessaryprolixity).④BeorderlyTheP
3、rincipleofRelevanceSperber&WilsonMinimizetheprocessingeffortMaximizethecognitiveeffectDefinition:Everyactof"ostensivecommunication"communicatesapresumptionofitsown"optimalrelevance".OstensivecommunicationOptimalrelevanceEx.1.a.Georgehasabigcat.b.Georgehasatiger,alion,ajaguar(美洲豹),etc.c.G
4、eorgehasatiger.d.Georgehasatigeroralion,I'mnotsurewhich.e.Georgehasafelid.TheQ-Principle&TheR-PrincipleTheQ﹝uantity﹞PrincipleMakeyourcontributionsufficient.Sayasmuchasyoucan(givenR).ReplaceGrice'sfirstmaximofquantityandthemaximofmanner.Thisprincipleconcernsmainlyaboutthemaximizationofi
5、nformationalcontent.Ex.a.Someofmyfriendsarelinguists.b.Notallofmyfriendsarelinguists.TheR﹝elation﹞PrincipleMakeyourcontributionnecessary.Saynomorethanyoumust(givenQ).ReplaceGrice'ssecondmaximofquantityandthemaximofrelation.Thisprincipleconcernsmainlyabouttheminimizationofform.Ex.Canyou
6、passmethesalt?TheQ-I-andM-PrinciplesTheQ-PrincipleDefinition:Makeyourcontributionasinformativeasisrequiredforthecurrentpurposeoftheexchange.Specifically:don'tprovideastatementthatisinformationallyweakerthanyourknowledgeoftheworldallows,unlessprovidingastrongerstatementwouldcontravenetheI
7、-principle.Ex.1a.Ioftentakesugarinmycoffee.b.Idonotalwaystakesugarinmycoffee.Ex.2a.Ibelieve(cf.know)thatJohnisaway.b.Hemayormaynotbe----speakerdoesn'tknowwhich.TheQ-I-andM-PrinciplesTheI-PrincipleDefinition:Sayaslittleasnecessary,producetheminimallinguisticscluessufficien
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