最新医学院神经解剖学教案：小脑损伤PPT课件.ppt

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1、医学院神经解剖学教案：小脑损伤Review1:Threefunctionaldivisionsofthecerebellum:spinocerebellum(paleocerebellum)cerebrocerebellum(neocerebellum)vestibulocerebellum(archicerebel-lum)Review2:ConnectionsandfunctionsofthefunctionaldivisionsSpinocerebellarpathways(1)Spinocerebellarpathways(2)Spinocerebellarpathways(3)Cer

2、ebrocere-bellarpathwayVestibulocere-bellarpathwayClinicalCorrelationsDamagetothecerebellumproducesneurologicalsignsonthesamesideasthelesionKnowledgeoftheanatomyofthedescendingprojectionsystemiscrucialforunderstandingwhycerebellardamagetypicallyproducesipsilateralmotorsigns.Thisisbecauseboththecerebe

3、llarefferentprojectionsarecrossedaswellasthedescendingpathways,whicharethetargetsofcerebellaraction.Thecombineddecussationsresultinasystemofconnectionsthatis“doublycrossed”.Damagetocerebellarinputfromthespinalcordalsoproducesipsilateralsignsbecausetheprincipalspinocerebellarpathways,thedorsalspinoce

4、rebellarandcuneocerebellartracts,ascendipsilaterally.Thus,whetherdamageoccurstoeithercerebellarinputsoroutputs,ortothecerebellumitself,neurologicalsignsarepresentontheipsilateralside.SignsandsyndromesofcerebellarlesionsTherethreeclassicneurologicalsignsofcerebellardamage:Ataxiaisinaccuracyinthespeed

5、,force,anddistanceofmovement.Nystagmusisarhythmicinvoluntaryoscillationoftheeyes.Tremorisinvoluntaryoscillationofthelimbsortrunk.Theflocculonodularlobesyndrome(caudalvermissyndrome)consistsoftheinabilitytomaintaintheuprightpostureduetotruncaldystaxia.Nystagmusmayalsobepresent.Thissyndromeoccursmostc

6、ommonlywithtumorofthevermisThecerebellarhemispheresyndromeconsistsofdystaxiaandhypotoniaoftheipsilateralextremities.Themostcommoncausesareneoplasmaandinfarctsofacerebellarhemisphere.穴位贴敷的相关知识罗文跃2016年一、概念穴位贴敷，是指在人体穴位之上，利用透皮吸收原理，作用于人体表面，缓解病痛。现在穴位贴敷广泛应用于临床，是一种安全的，稳定的治疗方式。二、穴位贴敷的发展历史早在原始社会里，人们用树叶、草茎之类涂敷

7、伤口治疗与猛兽搏斗所致的外伤而逐渐发现有些植物外敷能减轻疼痛和止血，甚至可以加速伤口的愈合，这就是中药贴敷治病的起源。　春秋时期，穴位贴敷疗法的作用和疗效已有一定的认识逐步运用于临床，晋唐时期，穴位贴敷疗法已被广泛地应用，清代则是穴位贴敷疗法较为成熟的阶段。建国以来，穴位贴敷疗法不但用于治疗常见病，而且应用于治疗肺结核、肝硬化、冠心病，高血压等以及其他疑难病种。三、作用机制（一）穴位的刺激与调节作