资源描述：
《医学院神经解剖学教案：脑神经损伤课件》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、神经解剖学选修课教程4-2脑神经损伤lesionsofthecranialnervesNervesI,II,andVIIIaredevotedtospecialsensoryinput.NervesIII,IV,andVIcontroleyemovementsandpupillaryconstriction.NervesXIandXIIarepuremotor(XI:sternocleidomastoidandtrapezius;XII:musclesoftongue).NervesV,VII,IX,andXare
2、mixed.NotethatnervesIII,VII,IX,andXcarryparasympatheticfibers.GangliaRelatedtoCranialNervesThetwotypesofgangliarelatedtocranialnerves:(1)thosecontainingcellbodiesofafferent(somaticorvisceral)axonswithinthecranialnerves(thesegangliaaresomewhatanalogoustothedors
3、alrootganglia),and(2)gangliathatcontainthesynapticterminalsofvisceralefferentaxons,togetherwithpostsynaptic(parasympathetic)neuronsthatprojectperipherally.Sensorygangliaofthecranialnervesincludethesemilunar(gasserian)ganglion(nerveV),geniculateganglion(nerveVI
4、I),cochlearandvestibularganglia(nerveVIII),inferiorandsuperiorglos-sopharyngealganglia(nerveIX),superiorvagalganglion(nerveX),andinferiorvagal(nodose)ganglion(nerveX).Thegangliaofthecranialparasym-patheticdivisionoftheautonomicnervoussystemaretheciliaryganglio
5、n(nerveIII),thepterygopalatineandsubmandibularganglia(VIII),oticganglion(IX),andintramuralganglion(X).ThefirstfourofthesegangliahaveacloseassociationwithbranchesofV;thetrigeminalbranchesmaycoursethroughtheautonomicganglia.ANATOMICRELATIONSHIPSOFTHECRANIALNERVE
6、SCNⅠCranialNerveI:OlfactoryNerveThetrueolfactorynervesareshortconnectionsthatprojectfromtheolfactorymucosawithinthenoseandtheolfactorybulbwithinthecranialcavity.Thereare9-15ofthesenervesoneachsideofthebrain.Theolfactorybulbliesjustabovethecribriformplateandbel
7、owthefrontallobe(itisnestledwithintheolfactorysulcus).Axonsfromtheolfactorybulbrunwithintheolfactorystalk,synapseintheanteriorolfactorynucleus,andterminateintheprimaryolfactorycortex(pyriformcortex)aswellastheentorhinalcortexandamygdala.ClinicalCorrelationsAno
8、smia(absenceofthesenseofsmell)canresultfromdisorders(eg,viralinfections,suchasthecommoncold)involvingthenasalmucosa.Thetinyolfactorynervesandbulbscanbeinjuredasaresultofheadtrauma.
