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1、北大ceer笔记20StructureTypesofcostcurvesFixed,variableandtotalcostfunctionsAveragefixed,averagevariableandaveragecostfunctionsMarginalcostfunctionsMarginalandvariablecostfunctionsMarginalandaveragecostfunctionsShortrunandlongruncostcurvesTypesofCostCurvesAt
2、otalcostcurve（总成本曲线）isthegraphofafirm’stotalcostfunction.Avariablecostcurve（可变成本曲线）isthegraphofafirm’svariablecostfunction.Anaveragetotalcostcurve（平均成本曲线）isthegraphofafirm’saveragetotalcostfunction.Fixed,Variable&TotalCostFunctionsc(y)isthetotalcostofal
3、linputs,fixedandvariable,whenproducingyoutputunits.c(y)isthefirm’stotalcostfunction;y$Fy$cv(y)y$Fcv(y)y$Fcv(y)c(y)FAv.Fixed,Av.Variable&Av.TotalCostCurvesThefirm’stotalcostfunctionis Fory>0,thefirm’saveragetotalcostfunctionisAv.Fixed,Av.Variable&Av.Tot
4、alCostCurvesWhatdoesanaveragefixedcostcurvelooklike?AFC(y)isarectangularhyperbolasoitsgraphlookslike...$/outputunitAFC(y)y0AFC(y)®0asy®¥Av.Fixed,Av.Variable&Av.TotalCostCurvesInashort-runwithafixedamountofatleastoneinput,theLawofDiminishing(Marginal)Ret
5、urnsmustapply,causingthefirm’saveragevariablecostofproductiontoincreaseeventually.$/outputunitAVC(y)y0$/outputunitAFC(y)AVC(y)y0Av.Fixed,Av.Variable&Av.TotalCostCurvesAndATC(y)=AFC(y)+AVC(y)$/outputunitAFC(y)AVC(y)ATC(y)y0ATC(y)=AFC(y)+AVC(y)$/outputuni
6、tAFC(y)AVC(y)ATC(y)y0AFC(y)=ATC(y)-AVC(y)AFC$/outputunitAFC(y)AVC(y)ATC(y)y0SinceAFC(y)®0asy®¥, ATC(y)®AVC(y)asy®¥.AFC$/outputunitAFC(y)AVC(y)ATC(y)y0SinceAFC(y)®0asy®¥, ATC(y)®AVC(y)asy®¥.Andsinceshort-runAVC(y)must eventuallyincrease,ATC(y)musteventua
7、llyincreaseinashort-run.MarginalCostFunctionMarginalcostistherate-of-changeofvariableproductioncostastheoutputlevelchanges.Thatis,MarginalCostFunctionThefirm’stotalcostfunctionis andthefixedcostFdoesnotchangewiththeoutputlevely,soMCistheslopeofboththev
8、ariablecostandthetotalcostfunctions.MarginalandVariableCostFunctionsSinceMC(y)isthederivativeofcv(y),cv(y)mustbetheintegralofMC(y).Thatis,MarginalandVariableCostFunctionsMC(y)y0Areaisthevariable costofmakingy’units$/outputunitMar
