最新[临床医学]眼科学基础知识教学讲义PPT课件.ppt

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1、[临床医学]眼科学基础知识第一节眼的组织解剖anatomyofeyeball一．眼球Theglobe(eyeball)正常眼球的前后径出生时约16mm.3岁时达23mm.成年时24mm.anteriorandposteriordistanceofnormaleyeballis16mminborn.Atage323mm,atadult24mm8/3/20212（一）眼球壁Eyecoat1.      外层Theoutercoat1/6角膜Cornea5/6巩膜Sclera8/3/202138/3/20217(2)巩膜Sclera组织学分层①表层巩膜Theepisclera②巩膜实质层

2、Thescleralstroma③棕黑板层Thelaminafascia8/3/20218角巩膜缘Limbus前房角Anteriorchamberangle8/3/202192．中层Themiddlecoat葡萄膜Uvea色素膜Tunicapigmentosa8/3/202110（1）虹膜Iris分层：①基质层Stroma②色素上皮层Pigmentepitheliallayer瞳孔Pupil:直径2.5-4mm8/3/202111(2)睫状体Ciliarybody睫状冠Parsplicata:前1/3睫状突Cliaryprocesses:睫状体扁平部Parsplana:后2/3锯齿

3、缘Oraserrata:8/3/202112(3)脉络膜Choroid组成大血管层Largevascularlayer中血管层Middlevascularlayer毛细血管层Capillarylayer8/3/2021133．内层Innerlayer视网膜Retina中心凹Fovea黄斑Maculalutea中心小凹Foveola——黄斑中心凹Foveacentralis视盘Opticdisc——视乳头Opticpapilla视杯、杯凹Opticcup8/3/202114视网膜分层外层视网膜色素上皮层Retinalpigmentepithelium,RPE8/3/202115内层视

4、网膜神经感觉层①   视锥、视杆细胞层（光感受器细胞层）Coneandrodlayer②    外界膜Externallimitingmembrane③    外核层Outernuclearlayer④    外丛状层Outerplaxiform⑤    内核层Innernuclearlayer⑥    内丛状层Innerplexiformlayer⑦   神经节细胞层Ganglioncelllayer⑧    神经纤维层Nervefiberlayer⑨    内界膜Limitingmembrane8/3/2021168/3/202117（二）  眼球内容Contentsofthe

5、eye1. 房水Aqueoushumor前房Anteriorchamber后房Posteriorchamber8/3/2021182.晶状体Lens8/3/2021193.玻璃体Vitreousbody8/3/2021208/3/2021211. 视路Visualpathway光感受器→双级细胞→神经节细胞→视乳头→视神经→视交叉→视束→外侧膝状体→视放射→视皮质retinalphotoreceptor→bipolarcell→nervousganglioncells→opticdisk→opticnerve→opticchasm→optictract→lateralgenicul

6、atebody→opticradiation→visualcortex.8/3/202122二、眼眶及附属器Orbitandaccessoryapparatus(一)眼眶Orbit1.视神经孔和视神经管Opticforamenandcanal2.眶上裂Superiororbitalfissure3.眶下裂Inferiororbitalfissure4.眶上切迹（或孔）Thesupraorbitalnotch8/3/202123（二）眼睑Eyelids1皮肤层Theskin2皮下组织层Subcutaneous3肌层Muscularlayer4睑板层Layerofthetarsalpl

7、ate5结膜层Theconjunctivallayer8/3/2021248/3/202125(三)结膜Conjunctiva1睑结膜Palpebralconjunctiva2球结膜Bulbarconjunctiva3穹窿结膜Fornicalconjunctiva8/3/2021268/3/202127(四)泪器Lacrimalapparatus1泪腺Lacrimalgland2泪道Lacrimalpassages(1)泪小点Lacrimalpuncta(2)泪小管L