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1、biasinimpactevaluationevidencefromasystematicreview:从一个系统性的回顾评价证据的偏见AcknowledgementsJorgeHombrados,J-PALLatinAmerica(co-author)BirteSnilstveit,co-PIonfarmerfieldschoolreviewFFSco-authors:MartinaVojtkova,DanielPhillipsPresentationbasedontrainingonpublicationbiaspr
2、ovidedbyEmilyTanner-Smith,CampbellCollaboration“Thehaphazardwayweindividuallyandcollectivelystudythefragilityofinferencesleavesmostofusunconvincedthatanyinferenceisbelievable...Itisimportantwestudyfragilityinamuchmoresystematicway”EdwardLeamer:Let’staketheconouto
3、feconometrics,AER1983FFSoriginallyassociatedwithFAOandIntegratedPestManagement(IPM)OriginatedinresponsetotheoveruseofpesticidesinirrigatedricesystemsinAsiaBeliefthatfarmersneedconfidencetoreducedependenceonpesticides,through‘discoverylearning’Aimtopromoteuseofgoo
4、dpracticesandimproveagricultureandotheroutcomesNowappliedgloballyin90+countries,millionsofbeneficiaries,rangeofcropsandcurriculaFarmerfieldschoolsGroupof25farmers,meetingonceaweekinadesignatedfieldduringthegrowingseasonExploratory:facilitatorencouragesfarmerstoas
5、kquestions,andtoseekanswers,ratherthanlecturingorgivingrecommendations.Experimentation:groupmanagestwoplotsParticipatory:emphasisonsociallearningwithexercisestobuildgroupdynamicsFielddaysandfollow-upactivitiesmaybeprovidedfordiffusionofmessagetoneighboursA‘bestpr
6、actice’FFS(c)JMMicaudforFAO3iereviewmotivatedbypolariseddebate"Studiesreportedsubstantialandconsistentreductionsinpesticideuseattributabletotheeffectoftraining.Inanumberofcases,therewasalsoaconvincingincreaseinyieldduetotraining....Resultsdemonstratedremarkable,w
7、idespreadandlastingdevelopmentalimpacts”(VandenBerg2004,FAO)“Theanalysis,employingamodified‘difference-in-differences’model,indicatesthattheprogramdidnothavesignificantimpactsontheperformanceofgraduatesandtheirneighbors”(Federetal.2004)Buthowgoodaretheyreally-wha
8、tdoesasystematicreviewoftheevidencesay?3ie’sreviewobjectivesandbackgroundProducehighqualityreviewofrelevancetodecisionmakersMixedmethodsreviewofeffectsonoutcom