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1、Unit7TheBritishWelfareSystemWhatdoeswelfaremean? Whatisthewelfarestatelike?Health,comfortandfreedomfromwanta“safetynet,”whichisdesignedtohelpthemostvulnerableprotectionagainsttheunexpectedhazardsoflife(forexample,losingajob,becomingsick,havinganaccident)Thewelfarestateprovideseducatio
2、n,housing,sustenance,healthcare,pensions,unemploymentinsurance,sickleaveortimeoffduetoinjury,etc.Whostartedtheidea?WilliamBeveridge(1879-1963)aBritisheconomistandsocialreformer,closelyassociatedwiththedevelopmentofthewelfarestate.'BeveridgeReport‘1)toestablishtheNationalHealthServicew
3、ithfreemedicaltreatmentforall;2)toprovide'socialsecurity'sothatthepopulationwouldbeprotectedfromthe'cradletothegrave'TheoperationofthewelfarestateFourmainparts:Thesystemofnationalinsuranceunemployed,old,sick,etcThenationalhealthservicefreemedicalcareforallSupplementarybenefitslowincom
4、e(forbasicstandardliving)FamilyallowanceorchildrenbenefitNationalInsuranceEverybodywhoisworking,eitherforhimselforforanemployer,isobligedtocontributeafixedamounteachweektothenationalinsurancefundItislikeanimmenseinsurancecompanywithwhicheverysinglecitizeniscompulsorilyinsured.Contribu
5、torybenefitse.g.retirementpension,widow’sbenefit,jobseeker’sallowance,maternityallowance,incapacitybenefit,etc.NHS(NationalHealthService)InordertoobtainthebenefitsofthenationalHealthServiceapersonmustnormallyberegisteredonageneralpractitioner’slist.firstgotoseetheGP(givestreatmentorpr
6、escribesmedicine)—gotohospitalifnecessarywrittenprescription—achemist’sshopThehealthservicefundspayforthecostofeach“prescription”abovethepatient’scontribution,butforsmallchildrenandpeoplewithlowincomesthereisnochargeatall.Question:OnlythepeoplewithBritishcitizenshipcanreceivefreemedic
7、alattentionintheUK?FamilyallowanceorchildbenefitHowmuchischildbenefit?Whocanreceiveit?Howmanyparentsclaimit?Wheredoesthemoneycomefrom?NationalinsurancefundSocialsecuritybenefits(payingoutbenefitstopeoplewhoareunemployed,orunabletoearnbecausetheyareoldorsick)GeneraltaxationNHS(80%ofthe
8、costs
