英国社会文化之福利制度.ppt

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1、BritishWelfareWhatiswelfare?Therangeofservicesthatareprovidedtoprotectpeopleinanumberofconditions,includingchildhood,sicknessandoldage.ModelsofwelfareResidualwelfare:Itisdirectedtowardsandprovidedforthepoor,fortheycannotmanagelivingwithouthelpandassistancefromt

2、hegovernmentsuchasmoney,foodandothernecessities.ThisusedtobethedominantmodelinmostEnglish-speakingcountries,largelyowingtothespreadoftheideasconveyedintheEnglishPoorLaw(1598-1948)ModelsofwelfareSolidarityCommonaction,mutualresponsibilityandsharedrisks.Rightstha

3、tpeopleenjoyareparticularratherthangeneral;benefitthatanindividualcanenjoydependsonhisorhercircumstances,workrecordorfamilyrelationships.Itisnotprovidedtothewholepopulation.Somepeopleareexcludedfromthenetworkoffamily,friends,communityandemployment.Modelsofwelfa

4、reInstitutionalwelfareNeedisviewedasanormalpartofsociallife.Welfareisprovidedforthepopulationasawhole,inthesamewayaspublicserviceslikeroadsorschools.Welfareisnotjustforthepoor:itisforeveryone.ModelsofwelfareIndustrialperformanceItisregardedandusedastheso-called

5、“handmaiden”totheeconomy.Itpreparesandservicesthecapacityoftheworkforce,whichhelpstheemployers.Itservesasaneconomicregulator,whichstimulatesdemandwhenproductionislow.WelfareintheworldUKandSweden--Institutional.Extensivewelfarecoverageandoffersuniversal“minimums

6、tandards”forallitscitizens.France—SolidaristicGerman—Workoriented.US—Residualwelfaresystem.Whatisa‘WelfareState’?Itcanbedefinedas‘astatewithagovernmentwhichassumesresponsibilityforthewell-beingofitscitizensthroughoutlife,througharangeofinterventionsinthemarkete

7、conomy’.Threeprinciplesofwelfarestate:Aguaranteeofminimumstandards,includingaminimumincome;Socialprotectionintheeventofinsecurity;Theprovisionofservicesatthebestlevelpossible.Whoshouldpayforthesystemandwhoshouldbenefitfromit?Shouldallcitizensbenefitfromsuchawe

8、lfaresystemoronlyafewofthemcanenjoycertainbenefits?FundsofBritishWelfareNationalInsurancecontributionsGeneralTaxationValueAddedTax(VAT)Initiallyacontributorysystemofinsuranc