Unit 9(1)英国社会文化.ppt

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1、Unit9TheBritishJustice&theLawBritishLawBritishlawconsistsof…CommonLaw---deducedfromcustomorlegalprecedentsandinterpretedincourtbyjudgesStatuteLaw---madebyParliament*EquityLaw---usedtocorrectalawwhenthelawwouldcausehardshipinspecialcases*EULawTheOperationof

2、theLawWhenacasecomesbeforethecourt,eachsidewillhavealawyertoarguetheircase.ProsecutorPrecedence*Ifthecasesaresimilarorpracticallythesame…thecourtwillfollowthepreviousdecision*Ifthecaseisdifferentfrompreviouscases…thecourtwillhavetocometoadecisionbyinterpre

3、tinganyrelevantstatutelawandlookingatthecaselawtoseeifthereareanyanalogouscasesDefendantVS.HierarchyofCourtsHouseofLordsCourtofAppeal(CriminalDivision)CourtofAppeal(CivilDivision)CourtofAppealHighCourtCrownCourt(OldBailey)Magistrates’CourtsCountyCourtsTrib

4、unalsCriminalCasesCivilCasesMAGISTRATES'COURTSThelowestlevelofcourtfortryingminoroffencesandthefirsthearingofseriouscaseswhicharepasseduptoahighercourt.forcriminaloffencesThereareMagistratesCourtsinalltowns.Peoplewhoarerespectedandresponsiblemembersoftheir

5、localcommunityareselectedtoserveasmagistrates.TheyareNOTpaidfortheworkandtheyareNOTprofessionallytrainedinthelegalsystembuttheydoundergosomepart-timetraining.95%ofthecriminalcasesinEnglandaretriedinamagistrate’scourt.ThereisNOjuryinamagistrate’scourt.Magis

6、trates’CourtCountyCourtforcivilcasesTherearealwaysatleasttwoorthreemagistratesincourt,anduptosevenmayappeartogether.Collectivelythemagistratesarecalledthebench.WithoutajuryCROWNCOURTSforcriminaloffences.Inthelargertowns,JudgeandJury(of12ordinarymenandwomen

7、).TheJudgedecidesthepunishmentaccordingtothelawandtakingintoaccountpreviousoffences.THEHIGHCOURTDealwiththemorecomplicatedcivilcasesDealwithappealsfromtribunalsandfrommagistrates’courtsinbothcivilandcriminalmattersTheRulesApersonisalwaysinnocentintheeyesof

8、thelawuntiltheyhavebeenprovedtobeguiltybyacourttheycansometimesaskforpermissiontoAPPEALtoahighercourtinthehopethatitwillchangethisdecision.Inthishierarchyofcourts,thelowercourtwillalwaysfollowdecisionsofthehi