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1、OptimizationofsoftrockengineeringwithparticularreferencetocoalminingAbstractSoftrockengineeringisadifficulttopicwhichhasreceivedmuchattentioninthefieldofrockmechanicsandengineering.Researchandpracticalworkhavebeencarriedout,butmuchoftheworkhasbeenlimitedtoso
2、lvingproblemsfromthesurface.Forovercomingthedifficultiesoflargedeformations,longdurationtime-dependenteffects,anddifficultiesinstabilizingthesoftrock,theproblemshouldbetackledmoreradically,leadingtoamoreeffectivemethodofachievingoptimizationoftheengineerings
3、ysteminsoftrock.Asummaryoftheoptimizationprocedureismadebasedonengineeringpractice.1.IntroductionTherearemanysoftrockengineeringproblemsaroundtheworld,involvingengineeringformines,highways,railways,bridges,tunnels,civilsubways,buildings,etc.Engineeringlosses
4、haveoccurredbecauseofvolumetricexpansion,lossofstabilityofthesoftrock,etc.Thishasbeenanimportantquestiontowhichmuchattentionhasbeenpaidinengineeringcircles,andinthefieldofacademicrockmechanics.Sincethe1970s,considerableresearchandpracticaleffortshavebeenmade
5、inthefieldofsoftrockengineeringinvariouscountries,butthemajoreffortswereconcentratedonsuchaspectsasthemethodofconstruction,thedesignandreinforcingofthesupportingstructures,measurementandanalysisoftherock’sphysicalandmechanicalproperties,itsconstitutiverelati
6、onsandengineeringmeasurement.Ithasbeenfoundthatthesoftrockengineeringprobleminvolvescomplexsystematicengineeringincludingsuchsubsystemsasclassificationofsoftrocks,judgementconcerningthepropertiesofsoftrock,projectdesignandconstruction.Onlybyconsideringtheint
7、egraloptimizationofthesystemcanweobtainanimprovedsolutiontotheproblem.Hopefully,aradicalapproachcanleadtoengineeringfeasibility,lowercostsandengineeringstabilityinordertoachievetheengineeringobjectives.1.1.Mechanicalpropertiesofsoftrockandassociatedengineeri
8、ngSoftrockisanunevenanddiscontinuousmedium.Itsstrengthislow,withauniaxialcompressivestrengthusuallylowerthan30MPa.Somesoftrocksexpandwhentheyarewet.Cracksinsomesoftrockswillpropagateeasily—which
