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1、168OptimizationofsoftrockengineeringwithparticularreferencetocoalminingAbstractSoftrockengineeringisadifficulttopicwhichhasreceivedmuchattentioninthefieldofrockmechanicsandengineering.Researchandpracticalworkhavebeencarriedout,butmuchoftheworkhasbeenlimitedtosolvingproblemsfromt
2、hesurface.Forovercomingthedifficultiesoflargedeformations,longdurationtime-dependenteffects,anddifficultiesinstabilizingthesoftrock,theproblemshouldbetackledmoreradically,leadingtoamoreeffectivemethodofachievingoptimizationoftheengineeringsysteminsoftrock.Asummaryoftheoptimizati
3、onprocedureismadebasedonengineeringpractice.1.IntroductionTherearemanysoftrockengineeringproblemsaroundtheworld,involvingengineeringformines,highways,railways,bridges,tunnels,civilsubways,buildings,etc.Engineeringlosseshaveoccurredbecauseofvolumetricexpansion,lossofstabilityofth
4、esoftrock,etc.Thishasbeenanimportantquestiontowhichmuchattentionhasbeenpaidinengineeringcircles,andinthefieldofacademicrockmechanics.Sincethe1970s,considerableresearchandpracticaleffortshavebeenmadeinthefieldofsoftrockengineeringinvariouscountries,butthemajoreffortswereconcentra
5、tedonsuchaspectsasthemethodofconstruction,thedesignandreinforcingofthesupportingstructures,measurementandanalysisoftherock’sphysicalandmechanicalproperties,itsconstitutiverelationsandengineeringmeasurement.Ithasbeenfoundthatthesoftrockengineeringprobleminvolvescomplexsystematice
6、ngineeringincludingsuchsubsystemsasclassificationofsoftrocks,judgementconcerningthepropertiesofsoftrock,projectdesignandconstruction.Onlybyconsideringtheintegraloptimizationofthesystemcanweobtainanimprovedsolutiontotheproblem.Hopefully,aradicalapproachcanleadtoengineeringfeasibi
7、lity,lowercostsandengineeringstabilityinordertoachievetheengineeringobjectives.1.1.Mechanicalpropertiesofsoftrockandassociatedengineering168Softrockisanunevenanddiscontinuousmedium.Itsstrengthislow,withauniaxialcompressivestrengthusuallylowerthan30MPa.Somesoftrocksexpandwhenthey
8、arewet.Cracksinsomesoftrockswillpropagateeasily
