产业组织理论 教案 industrial organization

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1、IndustrialOrganizationTaughtbyDr.Prof.FangQiyunTextbook:IndustrialOrganization:AStrategicApproachWrittenbyJeffreyChurch&RogerWarePart1.FoundationsIntroductionThewelfareeconomicsofmarketpowerTheoryofthefirmCh.1.Introduction3questionsinIO1.Whyaremarketsorganizedorst

2、ructuredastheyare?4aspectsofmarketstructure(1)Firmboundaries.Whatdeterminestheextentofafirm’sactivitiesinproduction?Inparticular,whatarethefactorsresponsiblefordeterminingtheextenttowhichafirmisverticallyintegrated?(2)Sellerconcentration.sellerconcentrationisameas

3、ureofthenumberandsizedistributionoffirms.Industrialorganizationattemptstoidentifythefactorsthatinfluenceordeterminesellerconcentration.(3)Productdifferentiation.Productdifferentiationexistswhenproductproducedbydifferentfirmsarenotviewedasperfectsubstitutesbyconsum

4、ers.Whatarethefactorsresponsiblefortheextentofproductdifferentiation.(4)Conditionsofentry.Theconditionsofentryrefertotheeasewithwhichnewfirmscanenteramarket.3questionsinIO2.Howdoesthemannerinwhichmarketsareorganizedaffectthewayinwhichfirmsbehaveandmarketperform?If

5、productsproducedbydifferentfirmsarenotviewedasperfectsubstitutesbyconsumers,thentherewillbearolefoenon-pricecompetition.Infactpricecompetitionmightplayasecondaryroletoothercompetition,suchasproductcharacteristics,advertising,andresearchanddevelopmentexpenditure.Am

6、ajorareaofresearchinindustrialorganizationisconcernedwiththetheoryofoligopoly:pricingbehaviorinamarketdominatedbyafewlargefirms.Adifferentkindofstructuralissueconcernsthevariousinstitutionsandpracticesadoptedbyoligopolisticfirmstoaffectthenatureofcompetition.AdamS

7、mith:competitivemarketsweredesirablebecausetheyledtooutcomesthataresociallyoptimal.Undercertaincircumstances,competition,asifguidedbyaninvisiblehand,resultsinthesociallyoptimallevelofoutputbeingproducedatminimumresourcecost,anddistributedittothosewhovalueitthemost

8、.IOisconcernedwiththeefficiencyormarketperformanceofmarketswhosestructureisnotthatare:Whatwilltheefficiencypropertiesofimperfectlycompetitionmarketsbe,n