GMAT OG13、OG12 RC部分复习资料.doc

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1、TheOfficialGuideforGMAT*Review13thEdition7.4SampleQuestionsEachofthereadingcomprehensionquestionsisbasedonthecontentofapassage.Afterreadingthepassageanswerallquestionspertainingtoitonthebasisofwhatisstatedorimpliedinthepassage.Foreachquestion,selectthebe

2、stanswerofthechoicesgiven.LineBiologistshaveadvancedtwotheoriestoexplainwhyschoolingoffishoccursinsomanyfishspecies.Becauseschoolingisparticularlywidespreadamongspeciesofsmallfish,boththeoriesassumethat(5)schoolingofferstheadvantageofsomeprotectionfrompr

3、edators.ProponentsoftheoryAdisputetheassumptionthataschoolofthousandsoffishishighlyvisible.Experimentshaveshownthatanyfishcanbeseen,(10)eveninveryclearwater,onlywithinasphereof200metersindiameter.Whenfishareinacompactgroup,thespheresofvisibilityoverlap.T

4、husthechanceofapredatorfindingtheschoolisonlyslightlygreaterthanthechanceofthepredatorfindingasinglefish(15)swimmingalone.Schoolingisadvantageoustotheindividualfishbecauseapredator'schanceoffindinganyparticularfishswimmingintheschoolismuchsmallerthanitsc

5、hanceoffindingatleastoneofthesamegroupoffishifthefishweredispersed(20)throughoutanarea.However,criticsoftheoryApointoutthatsomefishformschoolseveninareaswherepredatorsareabundantandthuslittlepossibilityofescapingdetectionexists.Theyarguethattheschoolcont

6、inues(25)tobeofvaluetoitsmembersevenafterdetection.TheyadvocatetheoryB,the"confusioneffect,"whichcanbeexplainedintwodifferentways.Sometimes,proponentsargue,predatorssimplycannotdecidewhichfishtoattack.Thisindecision(30)supposedlyresultsfromapredator'spre

7、ferenceforstrikingpreythatisdistinctfromtherestoftheschoolinappearance.Inmanyschoolsthefisharealmostidenticalinappearance,makingitdifficultforapredatortoselectone.Thesecondexplanationfor(35)the"confusioneffect"hastodowiththesensoryconfusioncausedbyalarge

8、numberofpreymovingaroundthepredator.Evenifthepredatormakesthedecisiontoattackaparticularfish,themovementofotherpreyintheschoolcan(40)bedistracting.Thepredator'sdifficultycanbecomparedtothatofatennisplayertryingtohitatenni