有机化学专业英语讲课教案.ppt

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1、有机化学专业英语有机化合物命名NomenclatureofOrganicCompoundsOriginoforganiccompoundsNaturallyoccurringorganiccompoundsarefoundinplants,animals,andfossilfuelsAllofthesehaveaplantoriginAlloftheserelyonthe“fixing”ofCfromCO2SyntheticorganiccompoundsarederivedfromfossilfuelsorplantmaterialIntroductionMostcurrentresear

2、chfocusesonOrganicOriginallyfrom“organic”meaninglifeNotjustchemistryoflife,chemistryofcarbonExceptions:oxidesofcarbon(CO2,CO)carbonates,bicarbonates(NaHCO3,CaCO3)cyanides(NaCN,etc)CCCCCOneCwithnoH,orwithmetalCarboncanformfourbonds…CarbonformsfourbondsCarboncanformfourbonds,andformsstrongcovalentbon

3、dswithotherelementsThiscanberepresentedinmanyways…OrganicChemistry:FunctionalGroupsFunctionalgroupsFunctionalgroupsarepartsofmoleculesthatresultincharacteristicfeaturesAbout100functionalgroupsexist,wewillfocusonabout10UsefultogrouptheinfinitenumberofpossibleorganiccompoundsE.g.thesimplestgroupishyd

4、rocarbonsMadeupofonlyCandHNotreallyafunctional“group”Furtherdividedinto:Alkanes,Alkenes,Alkynes,Aromatics一些作词头的常见官能团CharacteristicgroupprefixCharacteristicgroupprefix-Brbromo-IO2iodyl-Clchloro-I(OH)2dihydroxyiodo-ClOchlorosyl-N2diazo-ClO2chloryl-N3azido-ClO3perchloryl-NOnitroso-Ffluoro-NO2nitro-Iio

5、do-ORR-oxy-IOiodosyl-SRR-thio主要官能团作词头和词尾时的应用名称ClassFormulaPrefixSuffixcarboxylic-COOHcarboxy-carboxylicacidacid-(C)OOH--oicacidsulfonicacid-SO3Hsulfo-sulfonicacidsalts-COOM-(C)OOM-------metal…carboxylatemetal…oateesters-COOR-(C)OORR-oxycarbonyl----R-carboxylateR-carboxylateacidhalides-CO-halogen-(C

6、)O-halideHaloformyl-----carbonylhalide-oylhalideamides-CO-NH2-(C)O-NH2Carbamoyl------carboxamide-amideamidine-C(=NH)-NH2-(C)(=NH)-NH2Amidino----carboxamidine-amidineClassFormulaPrefixSuffixnitriles-C=N-(C)=NCyano-----carbonitrile-nitrilealdehydes-CHO-(C)HOformyloxo-carbaldehyde-alketones=(C)=Ooxo-o

7、neAlcoholsandphenols-OHhydroxy-olthiols-SHmeracapto-thiolamines-NH2amino-amineimines-NHimino-imineethers-ORR-oxy--sulfides-SRR-thio--Organiccompounds1.Hydrocarbon(烃)a)SaturatedMethane(C1);Ethane(C2);Propane