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1、EuropeSince1945TheColdWarDividedEuropeCommunistNationsofEasternEurope,dominatedbytheSovietUnion(WarsawPact).WesternDemocracies,ledbytheU.S.(NATO).IronCurtainAtermpopularizedbyBritishPrimeMinisterWinstonChurchilltodescribetheSovietUnion’spolicyofisolationduringtheColdWar.T

2、heIronCurtainisolatedEasternEuropefromtherestoftheworld.ItsmostpoignantsymbolwastheBerlinWall.CommunistDemocraticIRONCURTAINPost-WarLegislationTrumanDoctrine(1947)ApolicyoftheTrumanpresidencythatcalledforsupportinganynationresistingcommunism.MarshallPlan(1947)Economicaidf

3、romtheUnitedStatesusedtorebuildEuropeafterWorldWarII.NamedafterUnitedStatesSecretaryofStateGeorgeMarshall.NATO(1949)NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization,aninternationaldefensealliancebetweentheUnitedStates,GreatBritain,andothersformedin1949asaresponsetothespreadofcommunism.Com

4、ponentsoftheColdWarBerlinAirliftTheBerlinairliftmarkedthefirstmajorconfrontationintheColdWar.For11months,beginninginJune1948,theWesternalliestookpartinanunprecedentedattempttokeepacityalive--entirelyfromtheair.TheBerlinWallAwallbuiltin1961dividingSovietcontrolledEastBerli

5、nfromthedemocraticWestBerlin.Itwasdestroyedwhencommunismendedin1990.ArmsRaceTheproductionofhugearsenalsofnuclearweaponsthatresultedina“balanceofterror.”Thisalsoledtocutbacksinotherareas.EndoftheColdWarDisarmament&DétenteDistrustoftenblockedprogress,butin1963theNuclearTest

6、BanTreaty,bannedtestingintotheatmosphere.Détente:Relaxationoftensionsinthe1970swithagreementstoreducenuclearstockpiles.Thisendedin1979whentheUSSRinvadedAfghanistan.EndofColdWarBythe1990s,SovietleaderMikhailGorbacheveasedthegriponEasternEuropeancountries.Onebyonecommunismc

7、ollapsed,evenintheSovietUnion.CurrentProblemsNuclearWeaponsAsdisarmamenttookplacefearsincreasedthatRussianweaponsmightendupinthehandsofothernationsorgroups.ArmsRaceWhilethishasbeenreduced,theweakeconomiesofEasternEuropeledtoconcernoversellingweapons.TerrorismTheuseofviole

8、nceforpoliticalpurpose.UsedbycountriesthatcouldnotdefeattheSuperpowersotherwise.HumanRights–“The