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1、1.键盘/keyboard 键盘是一组杠杆或音键,由演奏者用手指在钢琴,羽管键琴,翼琴或类似的键盘乐器上按压,或者用手指按压风琴的键盘,或用脚踩管风琴的踏板或脚键盘。这个词汇广泛应用于键盘乐,以及各种键盘乐器。Akeyboardisasetofleversorkeys,tobedepressedbythefingersofaplayeronthepiano,harpsichord,clavichordorsimilarkeyboardinstrument,oronthemanualbythefingers,oronthepedalsorpedal-bo
2、ardoftheorganwiththefeet.Thewordisusedgenerally,asinkeyboardmusic,musicforanykeyboardinstrument.2.白键组/Whitekeypattern 在现代键盘乐器中,音键通常有白和黑两种颜色。早期键盘乐器的音键颜色的功用或许正相反。现代的白键构成一组全音和半音或相邻音间的半音。白键上的主要音阶可用于字谱上,C调,E和F之间的半音,B和C之间的半音的初始演奏。Onmodernkeyboardinstrumentskeysforthefingersaregenerall
3、ycolouredwhiteandblack.Onearlierkeyboardinstrumentsthecolouringmaybereversed.Themodernwhitekeysformapatternofwholestepsorwholetonesandhalfstepsorsemitonesbetweenadjacentnotes.Amajorscaleonthewhitenotesmaybeplayedstarting,inletternotation,onC,withhalfsteps(semitones)betweenEandF,a
4、ndBandC.[Illustrationofkeyboard,lettersonnotes]3.黑键组/Blackkeypattern 现代键盘乐器的黑键音在相邻的白音符间,构成全音,可演奏半音。在字谱上,黑音符见于C和D,D和E,F和G,G和A,A和B之间。黑键可演奏五声音阶。Onmodernkeyboardinstrumentsblackkeyscomebetweenthoseadjacentwhitenotesthatformawholesteporwholetone,providingahalfsteporsemitone.Inlettern
5、otationtheblacknotesarefoundbetweenCandD,DandE,FandG,GandA,andAandB.Theblackkeysprovidethenotesofthepentatonicscale.[illustrationofkeyboard]4.相邻钢琴键/Adjacentpianokeys 相邻钢琴键为半音。依上行顺序或下行顺序演奏,构成半音阶。Adjacentpianokeysareahalfsteporsemitoneapart.Playedinascendingordescendingordertheyfo
6、rmachromaticscale.5.半音/Halfstep 半音是西方音乐通用键盘中最小的音程。在键盘上,半音是相邻的两个音之间的距离,白键或黑键,升调或降调。AhalfsteporsemitoneisthesmallestintervalonthenormalkeyboardinWesternmusic.Onthekeyboarditistheintervalbetweenadjacentnotes,whiteorblack,ascendingordescending.6.全音/Wholestep 全音是由两个半音组成的音程。Awholeste
7、p,wholetoneortone,isanintervalmadeupoftwohalfstepsorsemitones.7.音高/Pitch 音符的音高是根据振动的次数或频率,音在常规上的高度或深度。音乐会音高是国际通用的标准音高,为高于中C的A音,每秒振动440次,但也存在分歧。几个世纪以来,音高不断演变,有时,不同的音乐或乐器应用不同的音高。一些打击乐器没有音高,耳朵无法辨认音高。绝对音高是指一些人所具备的单凭听觉即可辨认音高的能力。相对音高是指可以辨认提示音准和其他音。Thepitchofanoteisitsperceivedheightor
8、depthinconventionalterms,accordingtothen