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1、AUTISMSPECTRUMDISORDER(ASD)泛自閉症障礙症候群KathyM.Small,M.A.Instructor,SanFranciscoStateUniversityTeacherandAutismSpecialist,WestContraCostaUnifiedSchoolDistrict1AutismSpectrumDisorder泛自閉症障礙症候群Overview:AutismSpectrumDisorderLearningCharacteristicsoftheYoungChildwithAutism學習特徵InterventionPr
2、acticesforYoungChildrenwithAutism介入EducationalMethodologies教學方法WorkingwithandSupportingFamilies家庭合作與支持2Overview:AutismSpectrumDisorder(ASD)泛自閉症障礙症候群Whatisautism什麼是自閉症LeoKanner,1943AutismSpectrumDisordersinclude:泛自閉症障礙症候群包括:Autism自閉症PDD-NOS未註明的廣泛性發展障礙Aspergers亞斯柏格症Retts雷特氏症ChildhoodD
3、isintegrativeDisorder兒童期崩解症AutismCoreChallengeareas(CoreDeficits):自閉症主要問題(主要缺陷):SocialInteraction社會互動Communication溝通RestrictedInterests,Repetitive/StereotypedBehaviors有限的興趣,重複的行為Diagnostictools診斷工具:DSMIV/ICD-10andmore3DiagnosticCriteriaforASD (DSM-IV-TR)診斷標準Social(2ormore)Limitedeye
4、contact,facialexpressions,gestures,prosody無法以眼對眼凝視、面部表情、身體姿勢及手勢來協助社會互動Few/nofriends無法建立同儕關係Littlesharingofinterestswithothers無法與他人分享興趣Impairedsocial-emotionalreciprocity缺乏社交或情緒相互作用Communication(1ormore)Delayinlanguage語言發展遲緩Poorconversation與他人談話的能力有明顯障礙Idiosyncraticlanguage(e.g.echol
5、alia)刻板的或重複的使用語句(例如仿說)Repetitive/StereotypedBehaviors(1ormore)Narrowinterests侷限的興趣模式Non-functionalroutines/insistenceonsameness/routines不具功能性的常規或儀式行為Motorstereotypies刻板而重複的身體動作Preoccupationwithpartofobjects持續專注於物體的一部份AutismSpectrumDisorders,Ozonoff,Rogers,Hendren,20034OverviewofASDN
6、eurologicalDisordernotPsychological神經上的失調而非生理上的DevelopmentalDisorder/Syndrome發展性的症狀Currently1:150CenterforDiseaseControl(CDC)目前大約1:150Whyisautismincreasing?為什麼自閉症在增加?Betterdiagnosticpractices:shiftfrommentalretardationtoautismdiagnosis有較完整的診斷:從MR轉變為自閉症診斷標準Increasedrecognitionofmildp
7、resentations對於自閉症認識的增加Changesindiagnosticcriteria診斷標準的改變Otherfactorspossible:toxicexposure,biologicalpredispositionandenvironment,vaccinations其他可能因素:中毒、生理和環境因素、疫苗AutismSpectrumDisorders,Ozonoff,Rogers,Hendren,20035OverviewofASDMoreboysthangirlsdiagnosed男生比女生多Girlsoftenmoreinvolved女生
8、的障礙上較複雜10-15%withAS
