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1、专四语法非谓语动词五非谓语动词（一）不定式1.不定式做主语(1)引导逻辑主语的介词：不定式的逻辑主语一般由介词for引导,但下列表示人的性格行为特征的形容词做表语时,不定式的逻辑主语则由of引导：absurd,bold,brave,courageous,careful,careless,clever,wise,foolish,silly,stupid,good,nice,kind,thoughtful,considerate,greedy,generous,honest,modest,polite,rude,crue
2、l,selfish,lazy,wicked,wrong。如：Expertssaywalkingisoneofthebestwaysforapersontostayhealthy.It’scleverofyoutohaveinventedsuchadevice.(2)不定式做主语补足语：掌握常用不定式做主语补足语的句型。注意不定式表示的动作发生的时间，并采用相应形式。如：besaid/reported/thought/believed/known/supposed+todosth.TheMinisterofFrance
3、isbelievedtobethinkingofimposingnewtaxestoraiseextrarevenue.(04年）ProfessorJohnsonissaidtohavemadesomesignificantadvanceinhisresearchinthepastyear.(99年)2.不定式做宾语掌握要求接不定式做宾语的动词：afford,arrange,attempt,claim,desire,determine,expect,fail,guarantee,endeavor,intend,ple
4、dge,pretend,resolve,request,swear,tend,venture。如：Eventhoughthechildrenpretendedtobeasleep,thenurseswerenotdeceivedwhentheycameintotheroom.3.不定式做定语(1)被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next,last,only,nota,the,very等限定词时，该名词用不定式做定语。如：In1938PearS.BuckbecamethefirstAmericanwomantor
5、eceivetheNobelPrizeforLiterature.(2)如果其动词要求不定式做宾语，相应的名词一般用不定式做定语。如：tendencytodo→tendtodo,decisiontodo→decidetodoThisbookisanattempttohelpyouuseEnglishandrecognizehowitisused.(3)如果其形容词形式要求接不定式做补语，相应的名词一般用不定式做定语。如：ambitiontodo“干……的雄心”→beambitioustodo“有雄心干……”curio
6、sitytodo “对……的好奇心”→becurioustodo“对……好奇”abilitytodo“做……的能力”→abletodo“有能力做……”AccordingtoDarwin,randomchangesthatenhanceaspecies’abilitytosurvivearenaturallyselectedandpassedontosucceedinggeneration.(4)表示方式、原因、时间、机会、权利等名词用不定式做定语，这些名词包括：way,method,reason,time,place
7、,chance,occasion,opportunity,evidence,power,right,movement,drive(运动)，effort等。如：IworkedsolateintheofficelastnightthatIhardlyhadtimetocatchthelastbus.Weappreciateyoureffortstobringaboutacomprehensivesolutiontotheexistingproblem.(5)不定代词something,nothing,little,muc
8、h,alot习惯上用不定式做定语。如：Thoughwehavemadegreatprogress,thereisstillmuchtobeimproved.4.不定式做状语不定式做状语主要表示目的、程度、结果、方式。(1)inorderto(do),soasto(do)结构引导目的状语，soasto不能置于句首。(2)so…asto,such…
