《系统解剖学》课件：7 Introduction of the nervous system.ppt

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1、Introductionofthenervoussystem神经系统总论ContentsOrganizationofNervousSystemElementsofNervoussystemReflexandreflexArcsFunctionsofNervousSystemTeminologyOrganizationofNervousSystemCentralnervoussystem中枢神经系统1.Brain脑2.Spinalcord脊髓Peripheralnervoussystem周围神经系统Cranialn.脑神经（12

2、pairs)Spinaln.脊神经(31pairs)Visceraln.内脏神经ElementsofNervoussystemNeurons神经元BasicfunctioningunitsofthenervoussystemNeuroglia神经胶质SupportingcellsNeuron神经元Cellbody：perikaryon(核周体）Dendrites：receivemessagesfromotherneuronsandsendthemtothecellbodyAxons：carrymessagesawayfromt

3、hecellbodySilverStainNisslStainTypesofnervecells(1)accordingtonumberoftheirprocessesBipolarneuron双级神经元Pseudounipolarneuron假单级神经元Multipolarneuron多级神经元Typesofnervecells(2)sensoryneurone感觉神经元relayneurone中间神经元motorneurone运动神经元accordingtotheirfunctionsSensoryneuronsRecei

4、veinformationSendimpulsestothebrainorspinalcordRelayneuron(Interneurons)Carriesimpulsesfromsensorynervestomotornerves.MotorneuronConductimpulsesfromthebrainorspinalcordtomusclesorglandsthroughoutyourbodyTransmissionofsignals-SynapseSynapseSmallspaceacrosswhichanimpu

5、lsemovesfromanaxontothedendritesorcellbodyofanotherneuron.TypesofsynapseChemicalsynapseElectricsynapseAxodendriticDendrodendriticAxosomaticSomatosomaticAxoplasmicFlow轴浆流INCNS：oligodendrocyte少突胶质细胞：形成髓鞘astrocyto星型胶质细胞：参与血脑屏障microglia小胶质细胞：吞噬防御epndymocyte室管膜细胞：构成脑室壁IN

6、PNS：schwanncell雪旺氏细胞：形成髓鞘capsularcell被囊细胞TypesofNeurogliaoligodendrocytemicrogliaNeuronastrocytoepndymocyteNeuroglia神经胶质1.OligodendrocytesProducethemyelinsheathwhichprovidestheelectricalinsulationforcertainneuronsintheCNS4typesofgliaintheCNS:2.AstrocytesStar-shaped,

7、abundant,andversatileGuidethemigrationofdevelopingneuronsInvolvedintheformationofthebloodbrainbarrierFunctioninnutrienttransfer3.MicrogliaSpecializedimmunecellsthatactasthemacrophagesoftheCNSWhyisitimportantfortheCNStohaveitsownarmyofimmunecells?4.EpendymalCellsLowc

8、olumnarepithelial-esquecellsthatlinetheventriclesofthebrainandthecentralcanalofthespinalcordSomeareciliatedwhichfacilitatesthemovementofce