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1、MaryE.WilkinsFreeman (1852-1930)ShewasborninRandolph,Massachusetts,andattendedMountHolyokeCollegeinSouthHadley,Massachusetts,from1870–1871.Freeman'sparentswereorthodoxCongregationalists,causinghertohaveaverystrictchildhood.Religiousconstraintsplayakeyroleinsomeofherworks.Shepassedthegreaterp
2、artofherlifeinMassachusettsandVermont.Freemanherselfmarriedlateinlife,weddingDr.CharlesFreemanwhenshewasforty-nine.Afteraninitialperiodofharmony,themarriageendedinseparationwhenshehadherhusbandinstitutionalizedforalcoholism.AchievementsIn1926shewasawardedtheWilliamDeanHowellsGoldMedalforFict
3、ionbytheAmericanAcademyofLetters,andlaterthatyearshewasinductedintotheprestigiousNationalInstituteforArtsandLetters.ShediedinMetuchenandwasinterredinHillsideCemeteryinScotchPlains,NewJersey.PrimaryWorksAHumbleRomanceandOtherStories.1887.ANewEnglandNunandOtherStories.1891.Pembroke.1894.Silenc
4、e,andOtherStories.1898.TheRevoltofMotherandOtherStories.1974.ThefeatureofherworksNarratedinafirmandobjectivemannerwithoccasionalsubtleundertonesofhumorandirony,Freeman’sstoriesweredeftcharacterstudiesofsomehowexceptionalpeoplewho,trappedbypovertyorotherhandicapsinsterile,restrictivecircumsta
5、nces,reactinvariouswaysagainsttheirsituations.HeruseofNewEnglandvillageandcountrysidesettingsanddialectsplacedherstoriesinthelocalcolormovement,andherworktherebyenjoyedanaddedvogue;nevertheless,sheavoidedthesentimentalitythencurrentinpopularliterature.WhileFreeman'ssuccessfulcareeraffordedhe
6、rfinancialsecurityandagreatdealofautonomy,herbestfictionfocusesontheplightofwomenwhoselivesareboundedbypovertyandthesocialconstraintsimposedonthembytheirstrictreligiousbeliefsandtheirpositionaswomen.FascinatedbytheimpactoftraditionalPuritanvaluesofsubmissiveness,frugality,andself-denialonNew
7、Englandculture,FreemanoftenportrayedcharacterswhocreateobstaclestotheirownhappinessbytheirstrictadherencetoCalvinistmorality.Inotherstories,however,sheexploredtherebellionsandtriumphsofseeminglymeekwomen,depictingtheirstrategiesforgainingandmaintai
