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1、Unit19GimpeltheFoolIsaacBashevisSinger艾萨克·巴什维斯·辛格AbouttheAuthor1、艾萨克·巴什维斯·辛格（IsaacBashevisSinger，1904-1991）：美国意第绪语作家，犹太人。1904年出生在波兰的莱昂辛，1943年加入美国国籍。AbouttheAuthorHewasaleadingfigureintheYiddishliterarymovement,writingandpublishingonlyinYiddish,andwas
2、awardedtheNobelPrizeinLiteraturein1978.[2]HealsowasawardedtwoU.S.NationalBookAwards,oneinChildren'sLiteratureforhismemoirADayOfPleasure:StoriesofaBoyGrowingUpinWarsaw(1970)andoneinFictionforhiscollection,ACrownofFeathersandOtherStories(1974).FamilyBa
3、ckgroundHisfatherwasaHasidicrabbiandhismother,Bathsheba,wasthedaughteroftherabbiofBiłgoraj.ThestreetwhereSingergrewupwaslocatedintheimpoverished,Yiddish-speakingJewishquarterofWarsaw.Therehisfatherservedasarabbi,andwascalledontobeajudge,arbitrator,re
4、ligiousauthorityandspiritualleaderintheJewishcommunity.Theuniqueatmosphereofpre-warKrochmalnaStreetcanbefoundbothinthecollectionofVarshavsky-stories,whichtellstoriesfromSinger'schildhood,aswellasinthosenovelsandstorieswhichtakeplaceinpre-warWarsaw.2、
5、辛格15岁开始文学创作。他曾先后两次获美国全国图书奖（其中一次是奖给他的儿童文学创作的），多次获得美国其他文学奖金。1978年，由于“他的充满激情的叙事艺术，这种艺术既扎根于波兰犹太人的文化传统，又反映了人类的普遍处境”，辛格获诺贝尔文学奖。至今，许多学者认为，中国文坛的诺贝尔效应，便是从“辛格热”开始的。LiterarycareerSinger'sfirstpublishedstorywontheliterarycompetitionoftheliterarishebletterandgarn
6、eredhimareputationasapromisingtalent.Areflectionofhisformativeyearsin"thekitchenofliterature"canbefoundinmanyofhislaterworks.IBSingerpublishedhisfirstnovel,SataninGoray,ininstallmentsintheliterarymagazineGlobus,whichhehadco-foundedwithhislife-longfri
7、end,theYiddishpoetAaronZeitlinin1935.Thebookrecountseventsof1648inthevillageofGoraj(closetoBiłgoraj),wheretheJewsofPolandlostathirdoftheirpopulationinawholesaleattackbyCossacks.Itexplorestheeffectsoftheseventeenth-centuryfarawayfalsemessiah,Shabbatai
8、Zvi,onthelocalpopulation.ItslastchapterimitatesthestyleofamedievalYiddishchronicle.Withastarkdepictionofinnocencecrushedbycircumstance,thenovelappearstoforeshadowcomingdanger.Inhislaterwork,TheSlave(1962),Singerreturnstotheaftermathof1648,inalovestor
