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1、Chapter1IntroductionUnderstandtheconceptofablackbox,adataprocessor,andaprogrammabledataprocessor.DefinethevonNeumannmodelandnameitscomponents:memory,arithmetic/logicunit,controlunit,andinput/output.Understandthestoredprogramconcept.Afterreadingthischapter,thereadershouldbeab
2、leto:OBJECTIVESUnderstandthesequentialexecutionofstatementsinaprogram.Namethecomponentsofacomputer:hardware,software, anddata.1.1TheComputerasaBlackBox1.2VonNeumannModel1.3ComputerhardwareContents1.4Data1.5Computersoftware1.6HistoryTHECOMPUTERASABLOCKBOX1.11.1Thecomputerasab
3、lackboxComputerScience:issuesrelatedtothecomputer.Ifyouarenotconcernedwiththeinternalmechanismsofacomputer,youcansimplydefineitasablockbox(黑盒).Weprovidetwocommoncomputermodels.Figure1-1DataprocessormodelThismodelistoogeneral.Anotherproblemwiththismodelisthatitdoesnotspecifyt
4、hetypeofprocessingorwhethermorethanonetypeofprocessingispossible.Figure1-2ProgrammabledataprocessormodelAprogramisasetofinstructionsthattellsthecomputerwhattodowithdata.Aprogramisasetofinstructionswritteninacomputerlanguage.Figure1-3Sameprogram,differentdataFigure1-4Samedata
5、,differentprogramsvonNEUMANNMODEL1.21.2VonNeumannModelVonneumannModellooksattheinsideofthecomputer(Blackbox)anddefineshowprocessingisdone.1.2VonNeumannModelVonNeumannModeldefinesacomputerasfoursubsystems:memory,arithmeticlogicunit,controlunit,andinput/output.Figure1-5vonNeum
6、annmodel1.2VonNeumannModelMemoryMemoryisthestoragearea.Itiswhereprogramsanddataarestoredduringprocessing.1.2VonNeumannModelALU(TheArithmeticlogicunit)iswherecalculationandlogicaloperationstakeplace.TheControlunitcontrolstheoperationsofmemory,ALU,andI/Osystem.Inacomputer,most
7、processingtakesplaceinacomponentcalledthecentralprocessingunit(CPU).1.2VonNeumannModelInput/OutputComputerInputiswhateverisputintoacomputersystem.Outputistheresultsproducedbyacomputer.1.2VonNeumannModelStoredProgramVonNeumannModelstatesthattheprogrammustbestoredinmemory.Them
8、emoryofmoderncomputershostsbothaprogramanditscorrespondingdata.Boththedataa
