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1、Chapter1IntroductionUnderstandtheconceptofablackbox,adataprocessor,andaprogrammabledataprocessor.DefinethevonNeumannmodelandnameitscomponents:memory,arithmetic/logicunit,controlunit,andinput/output.Understandthestoredprogramconcept.Afterreadingthischapter,theread
2、ershouldbeableto:OBJECTIVESUnderstandthesequentialexecutionofstatementsinaprogram.Namethecomponentsofacomputer:hardware,software, anddata.1.1TheComputerasaBlackBox1.2VonNeumannModel1.3ComputerhardwareContents1.4Data1.5Computersoftware1.6HistoryTHECOMPUTERASABLOCK
3、BOX1.11.1ThecomputerasablackboxComputerScience:issuesrelatedtothecomputer.Ifyouarenotconcernedwiththeinternalmechanismsofacomputer,youcansimplydefineitasablockbox(黑盒).Weprovidetwocommoncomputermodels.Figure1-1DataprocessormodelThismodelistoogeneral.Anotherproblem
4、withthismodelisthatitdoesnotspecifythetypeofprocessingorwhethermorethanonetypeofprocessingispossible.Figure1-2ProgrammabledataprocessormodelAprogramisasetofinstructionsthattellsthecomputerwhattodowithdata.Aprogramisasetofinstructionswritteninacomputerlanguage.Fig
5、ure1-3Sameprogram,differentdataFigure1-4Samedata,differentprogramsvonNEUMANNMODEL1.21.2VonNeumannModelVonneumannModellooksattheinsideofthecomputer(Blackbox)anddefineshowprocessingisdone.1.2VonNeumannModelVonNeumannModeldefinesacomputerasfoursubsystems:memory,arit
6、hmeticlogicunit,controlunit,andinput/output.Figure1-5vonNeumannmodel1.2VonNeumannModelMemoryMemoryisthestoragearea.Itiswhereprogramsanddataarestoredduringprocessing.1.2VonNeumannModelALU(TheArithmeticlogicunit)iswherecalculationandlogicaloperationstakeplace.TheCo
7、ntrolunitcontrolstheoperationsofmemory,ALU,andI/Osystem.Inacomputer,mostprocessingtakesplaceinacomponentcalledthecentralprocessingunit(CPU).1.2VonNeumannModelInput/OutputComputerInputiswhateverisputintoacomputersystem.Outputistheresultsproducedbyacomputer.1.2VonN
8、eumannModelStoredProgramVonNeumannModelstatesthattheprogrammustbestoredinmemory.Thememoryofmoderncomputershostsbothaprogramanditscorrespondingdata.Boththedataa
