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1、定语从句Benjamin.Dong定语从句的基本概念一:定义定语从句在句子中充当定语,用来修饰名词,名词词组或代词。二:先行词在定语从句中被修饰的名词或代词就是先行词,先行词可以区分人与物。三:引导词引导关系代词:that,which,who,whom,whose,as引导关系副词:why,when,where,as四:先行词在从句中充当的成分先行词在从句中可以充当主语,宾语,定语,状语一:that/which引导的定语从句Thisisthepenwhich/thatmybrotherboughtformeyesterday.Thisisthemountainwhich/thatIvi
2、sitedlastyear.I'vefoundashopwhich/thathaseverythingweneed.上面三个定语从句中,先行词为thepen,themountain,ashop,由于先行词为物,所以选择引导关系代词which,that.具体而言,thepen,themountain在从句中充当宾语成分,而ashop在从句中充当主语成分。小结一:当先行词为物时,无论它在从句中充当主语还是宾语,都可以选用which,that.而且在从句中作宾语时,引导词可以省略。引导词的选择Sheisthegirlwho/whomImetattheparty.Heisthepersonwh
3、ohasaredcar.Heistheteacherwhohelpedmewithmyhomeworklastweek.Sheisthestudentwho/whomtheteacherpraisedyesterday.上面四个定语从句中,先行词为thegirl,theperson,theteacher,thestudent,由于先行词为人,所以选择who,whom.具体而言,thegirl,thestudent在从句中充当宾语成分,而theperson,theteacher在从句中充当主语成分。小结二:当先行词为人时,如果在从句中充当主语,要选用关系代词who来引导,而如果是在从句中
4、充当宾语,引导词可以选who,whom。注意其实that也可以引导关系词为人的定语从句。二:whose引导的定语从句whose引导的定语从句,先行词既可以是人,也可以是物,而且先行词在从句中充当定语,或者说所有格形式。当从句中的名词是物时,可以用ofwhich替换。SheisthegirlwhosebrotherismyEnglishteacher.Thehousewhosewindowsareredismygrandparents'.Thehouse,thewindowsofwhichareredismygrandparents'.三:先行词在从句中充当状语时,则需要用关系副词来引导
5、定语从句。引导定语从句的关系副词有:where,when,why,它们分别引导先行词在从句中作地点状语,作时间状语,作原因状语的定语从句。四:where引导定语从句Icanstillrememberthesitting-roomwheremyparentsandIusedtorest.ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.Hedecidedtosettleintheplacewherethefoodandwaterwereplentiful.上面三个句子中,先行词为thesitting-room,thehouse,theplace从“wheremyparentsand
6、Iusedtorest."句"whereIwasborn"为"wherethefoodandwaterwereplentiful."从以上三个从句来看,句子结构很完整,先行词既不在从句中作主语,也不作宾语,而是在从句中作地点状语。相应地,我们可以把这里的三个关系副词替换成三个相应的介词+关系代词的形式。如第一句中可以用inwhich,第二句也可以用inwhich,第三句也可以用inwhich.小结一:介词后面的关系代词只能是which,绝对不能是that五:when引导定语从句IwillneverforgetthoseyearswhenIlivedinthecountry.Thatha
7、ppenedonthedaywhenIsawyou.Imissthedayswhenweweretogether.IwilleverrememberthedaywhenIjoinedthearmy.上面三个句子中,先行词为thoseyears,theday,thedays,theday从句为"whenIlivedinthecountry.""whenIsawyou.""whenweweretogether.""whenIjoinedthearm