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1、中国地质大学长城学院本科毕业设计外文资料翻译系别：工程技术系专 业：机械设计制造及其自动化姓名：黄昌照学号：052115322015年4月7日8ManualTransmissionBasicsIt'snosecretthatcarswithmanualtransmissionsareusuallymorefuntodrivethantheirautomatic-equippedcounterparts.Ifyouhaveevenapassinginterestintheactofdriving,thenc
2、hancesareyoualsoappreciateafine-shiftingmanualgearbox.Buthowdoesamanualtransactuallywork?Withourprimeronautomatics(orslushboxes,asdetractorscallthem)availableforyourperusal,wethoughtitwouldbeagoodideatoprovideacompanionoverviewonmanualtrannies,too.Abriefh
3、istorylessonshowsthatmanualtransmissionsprecededautomaticsbyseveraldecades.Infact,upuntilGeneralMotorsofferedanautomaticin1938,allcarswereoftheshift-it-yourselfvariety.Whileit'slogicalformanytypesoftoday'svehiclestobeequippedwithanautomatic--suchasafull-s
4、izesedan,SUVorpickup--thefactremainsthatnothingismoreofathrilltodrivethanatautlysuspendedsportsedan,sportcoupeortwo-seaterequippedwithaprecise-shiftingfive-orsix-speedgearbox.It'swhatmakescarssuchasaCorvette,Mustang,MiataoranyBMWsedanorcoupesomeofthemostf
5、un-to-drivecarsavailabletoday.Weknowwhichtypesofcarshavemanualtrannies.Nowlet'stakealookathowtheywork.Fromthemostbasicfour-speedmanualinacarfromthe'60stothemosthigh-techsix-speedinacaroftoday,theprinciplesofamanualgearboxarethesame.Thedrivermustshiftfromg
6、eartogear.Normally,amanualtransmissionboltstoaclutchhousing(orbellhousing)that,inturn,boltstothebackoftheengine.Ifthevehiclehasfront-wheeldrive,thetransmissionstillattachestotheengineinasimilarfashionbutisusuallyreferredtoasatransaxle.Thisisbecausethetran
7、smission,differentialanddriveaxlesareonecompleteunit.Inafront-wheel-drivecar,thetransmissionalsoservesaspartofthefrontaxleforthefrontwheels.Intheremainingtext,atransmissionandtransaxlewillbothbereferredtousingthetermtransmission.Thefunctionofanytransmissi
8、onistransferringenginepowertothedriveshaftandrearwheels(oraxlehalfshaftsandfrontwheelsinafront-wheel-drivevehicle).Gearsinsidethe8transmissionchangethevehicle'sdrive-wheelspeedandtorqueinrelationtoenginespeedandtorq
