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1、中国地质大学长城学院本科毕业设计外文资料翻译系别：工程技术系专 业：机械设计制造及其自动化姓名：黄昌照学号：052115322015年4月7日8ManualTransmissionBasicsIt'snosecretthatcarswithmanualtransmissionsareusuallymorefuntodrivethantheirautomatic-equippedcounterparts.Ifyouhaveevenapassinginterestintheactofdriving,thenchancesareyoualsoappreciateafine-s
2、hiftingmanualgearbox.Buthowdoesamanualtransactuallywork?Withourprimeronautomatics(orslushboxes,asdetractorscallthem)availableforyourperusal,wethoughtitwouldbeagoodideatoprovideacompanionoverviewonmanualtrannies,too.Abriefhistorylessonshowsthatmanualtransmissionsprecededautomaticsbysevera
3、ldecades.Infact,upuntilGeneralMotorsofferedanautomaticin1938,allcarswereoftheshift-it-yourselfvariety.Whileit'slogicalformanytypesoftoday'svehiclestobeequippedwithanautomatic--suchasafull-sizesedan,SUVorpickup--thefactremainsthatnothingismoreofathrilltodrivethanatautlysuspendedsportsedan
4、,sportcoupeortwo-seaterequippedwithaprecise-shiftingfive-orsix-speedgearbox.It'swhatmakescarssuchasaCorvette,Mustang,MiataoranyBMWsedanorcoupesomeofthemostfun-to-drivecarsavailabletoday.Weknowwhichtypesofcarshavemanualtrannies.Nowlet'stakealookathowtheywork.Fromthemostbasicfour-speedmanu
5、alinacarfromthe'60stothemosthigh-techsix-speedinacaroftoday,theprinciplesofamanualgearboxarethesame.Thedrivermustshiftfromgeartogear.Normally,amanualtransmissionboltstoaclutchhousing(orbellhousing)that,inturn,boltstothebackoftheengine.Ifthevehiclehasfront-wheeldrive,thetransmissionstilla
6、ttachestotheengineinasimilarfashionbutisusuallyreferredtoasatransaxle.Thisisbecausethetransmission,differentialanddriveaxlesareonecompleteunit.Inafront-wheel-drivecar,thetransmissionalsoservesaspartofthefrontaxleforthefrontwheels.Intheremainingtext,atransmissionandtransaxlewillbothberefe
7、rredtousingthetermtransmission.Thefunctionofanytransmissionistransferringenginepowertothedriveshaftandrearwheels(oraxlehalfshaftsandfrontwheelsinafront-wheel-drivevehicle).Gearsinsidethe8transmissionchangethevehicle'sdrive-wheelspeedandtorqueinrelationtoenginespeedandtorq
