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1、AGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountries英语国家概况TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandChapter2HistoryTheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland英语国家概况TheFoundingoftheNationI2.FeudalSociety1RomanBritainandtheAnglo-SaxonsthefirstknownsettlersontheBritainIslesw
2、eretheIberians(Between3000and2000BC)TheEarliestSettlersontheBritishIsles1.1TheIberiansTheIberianPeninsulaTheIberianPeninsulainthe470'sStonehengeItisthemostfamousprehistoricmonumentinBritainandissituatedonSalisburyPlaininthecountyofWiltshire.PeoplebeganbuildingSton
3、ehengeabout5,100yearsago,draggingeachstoneintoplace.StonehengeanditsStatue1.1RomanBritainandAnglo-Saxons1.2TheBeakerFolkEarlyBronzeAgepeoplelivingabout4,500yearsagointhetemperatezonesofEurope;Theyreceivedtheirnamefromtheirdistinctivebell-shapedbeakers,decoratedinh
4、orizontalzonesbyfinelytoothedstamps.1.3TheCeltsTheCeltsoftheHeroicAge,openingwiththefifthcenturyBC,begantoarriveinBritainatabout700BCandkeptcominguntilthearrivaloftheRomans.ThenameofBritain—BritonsTribalsocietyCelticLanguage(IrishGaelic,ScottishGaelic,Welsh)Celtic
5、Britain(8th-5thCenturyBC)Firstinvasion—InAugust55BC,JuliusCaesarinvadedBritainSecond—Caesar'ssecondraidin54BCThirdandfinal—In43AD,EmperorClaudius,finalandsuccessfulRomaninvasionofBritainLeft—Germanicbarbariansattacked Rome,forcingallRoman troopstoleaveBritain, and
6、thusendingthe Romanoccupationof theisland.1.4RomanBritain(43AD-5thCentury)JuliusCaesar(GaiusJuliusCaesar,恺撒大帝,100BC-44BC)ChangedthecourseofthehistoryoftheGreco-Romanworlddecisivelyandirreversibly.Launchedaseriesofpoliticalandsocialreforms.Assassinatedbyagroupofnob
7、les.1.1.3RomanBritain(43AD-5thCentury)JuliusCaesarCapableadministrators&goodbuilders(townsandcities&roads)BuildingofLondonRiverThames“LondonBridge”Buildingofroads1.1.3RomanBritain(43AD-5thCentury)1.1.4TheAnglo-SaxonInvasion (5th-8thCentury)Germanicpeople(theJutesf
8、romJutland,AnglesfromSouthofDenmarkandSaxonsfromGermany)English(languageoftheAngles)dominantlanguageRomanChristianitySt.AugustinebringsChristianitytoBri
